Dissemination in Japanese hospitals of strains of Staphylococcus aureus heterogeneously resistant to vancomycin

Hiramatsu, Kazumasa; Aritaka, Nanae; Hanaki, Hideaki; Kawasaki, Shiori; Hosoda, Yasuhiro; Hori, Satoshi; Fukuchi, Yoshinosuke; Kobayashi, Ichiro

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)07324-8

Cited by 1,156 publications

(1,004 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Tazawa and Ooishi's 8 work on MRSA ocular infections demonstrated increasing resistance to ofloxacin, over time during the 1980's. While vancomycin-resistant MRSA has been described, 12 this fortunately has not yet been reported in MRSA ocular infections. Vancomycin has been used frequently with success, although in rare instances in-house preparations of higher strength 5% vancomycin were required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

External ocular infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Shanmuganathan

Armstrong

Buller

et al. 2004

Eye

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Purpose To determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of external ocular infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in an ophthalmic hospital in the UK. Methods A retrospective analysis of the case notes of patients who had culture proven external ocular Staphylococcal infections during a 44-month period was undertaken. Results There were a total of 548 external eye infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Of these, 17 (3%) were MRSA positive. The most common presentation was conjunctivitis seen in six patients. All MRSA isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol. Ofloxacin resistance was observed in all isolates from patients over the age of 50 years. All patients had an underlying history of either an ocular surface disease, malignancy, or a debilitating medical illness. Conclusions MRSA is as yet an infrequent cause of external ocular infections. Patients typically have underlying ocular risk factors and/or are medically debilitated. Different strains infect young and old age groups with characteristic antimicrobial sensitivity. This study highlights the need for more work to establish the role of MRSA commensals and ocular infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

External ocular infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Shanmuganathan

Armstrong

Buller

et al. 2004

Eye

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“…S. aureus has the propensity to develop resistance even to newer antibiotics that have been introduced such as linezolid and daptomycin 44 and S. aureus glycopeptide resistance has emerged as a source of concern, as this class of antibiotics, including vancomycin, is one of the main resources for combating infections caused by MRSA and reduced susceptibility to vancomycin already has been described. 46 , 47 With the often uncontrolled empirical vancomycin use particularly during elective surgeries, resistance rates could be further driven, which has already been documented by the emergence of vancomycin resistant enterococci and vancomycin-intermediate S aureus (VISA). 2 , 48 , 49 Given the disease burden and adaptability of S. aureus to develop resistance to many classes of antibiotics, the development of effective vaccines would be highly desirable in curbing disease as well as reducing AMR.…”

Section: Vaccines In Late Stage Development With Potential To Reduce Amrmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of vaccines in fighting antimicrobial resistance (AMR)

Jansen

Anderson

2018

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

100

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The problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the associated morbidity and mortality due to antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens is not new. However, AMR has been increasing at an alarming rate with appearances of diseases caused by bacteria exhibiting resistance to not just one but multiple classes of antibiotics. The World Health Organization (WHO) supported by governments, health ministries and health agencies has formulated global action plans to combat the rise in AMR, supporting a number of proven initiatives such as antimicrobial stewardship, investments in development of new classes of antibiotics, and educational programs designed to eliminate inappropriate antibiotic use. Vaccines as tools to reduce AMR have historically been under-recognized, yet the positive effect in reducing AMR has been well established. For example Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) as well as Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal) conjugate vaccines have impressive track records in not only preventing life threatening diseases caused by these bacteria, but also reducing antibiotic use and AMR. This paper will describe the drivers of antibiotic use and subsequent development of AMR; it will make the case how existing vaccines are already participating in combatting AMR, describe future prospects for the role of new vaccines in development to reduce AMR, and highlight challenges associated with future vaccine development to combat AMR.

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“…The emergence of MRSA with reduced vancomycin susceptibility (SA-RVS) raises concerns about the reliability of vancomycin for the treatment of MRSA (2). Resistance during treatment with daptomycin has raised similar concerns about its effectiveness for life-threatening MRSA infections (3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergy of β-Lactams with Vancomycin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Correlation of Disk Diffusion and Checkerboard Methods

Huang

Chen

et al. 2016

J Clin Microbiol

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Modified disk diffusion (MDD) and checkerboard tests were employed to assess the synergy of combinations of vancomycin and ␤-lactam antibiotics for 59 clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Mu50 (ATCC 700699).Bacterial inocula equivalent to 0.5 and 2.0 McFarland standard were inoculated on agar plates containing 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/ml of vancomycin. Oxacillin-, cefazolin-, and cefoxitin-impregnated disks were applied to the surface, and the zones of inhibition were measured at 24 h. The CLSI-recommended checkerboard method was used as a reference to detect synergy. The MICs for vancomycin were determined using the Etest method, broth microdilution, and the Vitek 2 automated system. Synergy was observed with the checkerboard method in 51% to 60% of the isolates when vancomycin was combined with any ␤-lactam. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices were significantly lower in MRSA isolates with higher vancomycin MIC combinations (P < 0.05). The overall agreement between the MDD and checkerboard methods to detect synergy in MRSA isolates with bacterial inocula equivalent to McFarland standard 0.5 were 33.0% and 62.5% for oxacillin, 45.1% and 52.4% for cefazolin, and 43.1% and 52.4% for cefoxitin when combined with 0.5 and 2 g/ml of vancomycin, respectively. Based on our study, the simple MDD method is not recommended as a replacement for the checkerboard method to detect synergy. However, it may serve as an initial screening method for the detection of potential synergy when it is not feasible to perform other labor-intensive synergy tests.V ancomycin and other glycopeptide antibiotics are currently the standard treatment for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (1). The emergence of MRSA with reduced vancomycin susceptibility (SA-RVS) raises concerns about the reliability of vancomycin for the treatment of MRSA (2). Resistance during treatment with daptomycin has raised similar concerns about its effectiveness for life-threatening MRSA infections (3). Low serum levels and the bacteriostatic activity of tigecycline against MRSA limit its use for the treatment of MRSA bacteremia (4).The combination of vancomycin and ␤-lactam antibiotics offers a potential option for management of MRSA infections (5). This concept is based on several in vitro and animal studies that demonstrated a synergistic effect of vancomycin-␤-lactam combinations against MRSA (6-11).The current study was designed to determine the utility of a modified disk diffusion (MDD) test to assess synergy and antagonism for combinations of vancomycin and ␤-lactam antibiotics among clinical isolates of MRSA (8, 12). The CLSI checkerboard method was used as the reference for the determination of synergy. We determined the vancomycin MIC breakpoint where synergy is most commonly observed in MRSA isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacterial isolates. Fifty-nine unique clinical isolates of MRSA with vancomycin MICs of Ն0.5 g/ml were obtained from patients at the Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan ...

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Dissemination in Japanese hospitals of strains of Staphylococcus aureus heterogeneously resistant to vancomycin

Cited by 1,156 publications

References 17 publications

External ocular infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

External ocular infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

The role of vaccines in fighting antimicrobial resistance (AMR)

Synergy of β-Lactams with Vancomycin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Correlation of Disk Diffusion and Checkerboard Methods

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