Disseminating and Containing Communist Propaganda to Overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia through Hong Kong, the Cold War Pivot, 1949–1960

Abstract

This article explores an understudied aspect in Asia's Cold War history: how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) used Hong Kong as a Cold War pivot to produce and disseminate left-wing literature for overseas Chinese living in Southeast Asia. It argues that the CCP's expanding cultural influence can be attributed to the Party's commercial acumen. Operating within a permissive colonial regulatory regime, the CCP expanded its control of local and regional markets for left-wing printed materials. The content of CCP literature was inevitably propagandistic – that is, shaped by the changing demands of the Chinese government's foreign policy and by a need to attract foreign remittances and accommodate socialist transformation at home. Hong Kong's emergence as a pivot in propaganda wars that were global in scope created tensions between the United States and Britain, and led governments in Southeast Asia to strengthen state controls on imported communist media. As such, this article makes an original contribution to Hong Kong colonial history and deepens our understanding of transnational dynamics within Southeast Asia.

Untitled

“…■ T he name Vita Chieu (周德高, 1932Chieu (周德高, -2020 Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK)-the infamous 'Khmer Rouge', to use Sihanouk's derisive nickname for the party (Becker 1998: 100)-seized control of Phnom Penh, which was a place he described as a 'ghost town' (Tie 2008: 643). Yet, Chieu's nostalgic reflections on his roles with the Sino-Khmer Daily, the PRC Embassy, and the CCP as a journalist and a spy across 12 years highlight how he was an integral part of Beijing's larger plan to broadcast Maoist enthusiasm and propaganda to Southeast Asia (Galway 2022: 55-84;Mok 2021). This essay examines Chieu's nostalgic reflections on his time as a journalist and CCP spy while highlighting his pivotal role at the nexus of the Cultural Revolution's unfolding outside the PRC's bounds.…”