Disseminated Visceral Coccidiosis in Cranes

Spalding, Marilyn G.; Carpenter, James W.; Novilla, Meliton N.

doi:10.1002/9780813804620.ch9

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…This suggests that gametogony may occur at a distant site in the kiwi, as occurs in cranes (Spalding et al, 2008). Given that hepatic coccidiosis was invariably associated with concurrent enteric coccidiosis (where enteric tissues were available for examination), it is feasible that gametogony occurs in the intestine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As well as individual susceptibility to infection, transmission of coccidia between individuals and subsequent disease are influenced by a number of other factors, including host concentration and distribution of oocysts within the environment (Spalding et al, 2008). Intensive production in the poultry industry means chickens are kept at higher density than their wild counterparts, increasing the infection pressure of diseases such as coccidia (McDougald, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it is known that infection with renal Eimeria spp. in other avian hosts results in the development of immunity, little is known about host immunity to Eimeria species developing at other extra-intestinal sites (Spalding et al, 2008;Yabsley, 2008). Hepatic coccidiosis seen in this study affected kiwi of various ages, including adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extra-intestinal coccidiosis in the kiwi (Apteryxspp.)

et al. 2013

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Despite significant conservation intervention, the kiwi (Apteryx spp.) is in serious population decline. To increase survival in the wild, conservation management includes rearing of young birds in captivity, safe from introduced mammalian predators. However, an increase in density of immunologically naïve kiwi increases the risk of exposure to disease, including coccidia. Intestinal coccidiosis has recently been described in the kiwi, and although extra-intestinal coccidiosis was first recognized in kiwi in 1978, very little is known about this disease entity. This study used archived histological tissues and reports from routine necropsies to describe the pathology of naturally occurring extra-intestinal coccidiosis. At least 4.5% of all kiwi necropsied during 1991 to 2011 (n0558) were affected by extra-intestinal coccidiosis, and it is estimated that it caused death in 0.9 to 1.2% of kiwi in the study group. Four forms were recognized: renal, hepatic, and, less commonly, splenic and pulmonary. At necropsy, renal coccidiosis was associated with miliary white streaks and foci through the kidneys, renomegaly, and renal pallor or congestion. Renal meronts and gametocytes were confined to the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts, and were associated with renal tubular necrosis and tubular obstruction. Hepatic miliary pinpoint foci were present throughout the hepatic parenchyma associated microscopically with macromeronts measuring 304 )227 mm. In two cases, clusters of splenic meronts were identified, and a similar lesion was identified in the pulmonary interstitium of another case. Juvenile, captive kiwi were most often affected with extra-intestinal coccidiosis, illustrating an increased expression of disease with population manipulation for conservation purposes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extra-intestinal coccidiosis in the kiwi (Apteryxspp.)

et al. 2013

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“…Possible interpretation is that all species of parasites mentioned were newly discovered in the wild Hooded Cranes, with the exception of Eimeria coccidian. It was reported that at least seven species of wild cranes can be infected by Eimeria coccidia at high frequencies (Honma et al 2011), causing serious injury or death to young birds (Novilla and Carpenter 2004;Spalding et al 2009). High population densities are believed to increase the risk of infection (Honma et al 2011).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Parasitic Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal-spatial patterns of intestinal parasites of the Hooded Crane (Grus monacha) wintering in lakes of the middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain

2014

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Background: Parasites have adverse effects on the life and survival of many migratory waterbirds, especially birds on the endangered species list. Hooded Cranes are large migratory colonial waterbirds wintering in wetlands, which are prone to parasite infection, thus monitoring the diversity of parasites is important for sound wetland management and protection of this species. Methods: From November 2012 to April 2013, we collected 821 fresh faecal samples from the three lakes (Poyang, Caizi and Shengjin Lake) in the lower and middle Yangtze River floodplain, and detected with saturated brine floating and centrifugal sedimentation methods. Parasite eggs were quantified with a modified McMaster's counting method.

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“…The most commonly encountered coccidial parasites of cranes are Eimeria gruis and Eimeria reichenowi (Courtney and others 1975). DVC was first reported as a cause of mortality in captive sandhill cranes ( Grus canadensis ) in the USA in 1978 (Carpenter and others 1979) and has since been reported in whooping cranes ( Grus americana ) and sandhill cranes in captive situations (Carpenter and others 1980) along with at least six other crane species (Spalding and others 2009). This disease has also been reported as a recurring disease in wild populations of sandhill cranes (Carpenter and others 1984) and in the non‐migratory Missisipi sandhill crane ( Grus canadensis pulla ) (Forrester and others 1978).…”

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confidence: 99%

Disseminated visceral coccidiosis in Eurasian cranes (Grus grus) in the UK

et al. 2011

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Clinical disease and mortalities due to disseminated visceral coccidiosis were identified for the first time in a group of captive juvenile Eurasian cranes (Grus grus) in the UK during 2008. Presumptive diagnosis was made from the finding of granulomatous nodules in the liver, spleen and other organs at gross postmortem examination, and confirmed histologically by the presence of intracellular coccidial stages within lesions. The species of coccidian was determined to be Eimeria reichenowi on the basis of faecal oocyst morphology and sequencing of 18S rDNA by PCR. A further outbreak of clinical disease occurred in the same enclosure in 2009, affecting a new group of juvenile Eurasian cranes and demoiselle cranes (Anthropoides virgo) and indicating the persistence of infective oocysts in the environment. Clinical sampling of birds during both years demonstrated positive results from examination of both faecal samples and peripheral blood smears.

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Disseminated Visceral Coccidiosis in Cranes

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Extra-intestinal coccidiosis in the kiwi (Apteryxspp.)

Extra-intestinal coccidiosis in the kiwi (Apteryxspp.)

Temporal-spatial patterns of intestinal parasites of the Hooded Crane (Grus monacha) wintering in lakes of the middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain

Disseminated visceral coccidiosis in Eurasian cranes (Grus grus) in the UK

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