Disseminated Visceral Coccidiosis in a Wild White-naped Crane (Grus vipio)

Kwon, Yong-Kuk; Jeon, Woo-Jin; Kang, Mun-Il; Kim, J.-H.; Olsen, Glenn H.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-42.3.712

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…are known to be pathogenic in Sandhill Cranes (Carpenter, 1993), although no lesions were seen in these birds. Although DVC is a common pathogenic condition of cranes, especially chicks in captivity (Novilla and Carpenter, 2004;Kwon et al, 2006;Sarashina et al, 2006), both cases reported here appear incidental. All Whooping Cranes in the EMP were fed an artificial diet containing the coccidiostatic drug monensin from hatching until direct release at NNWR (5 mo of age) or departure from the CNWR pensite (10 mo of age).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Postmortem Evaluation of Reintroduced Migratory Whooping Cranes in Eastern North America

Cole¹,

Thomas²,

Spalding³

et al. 2009

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Reintroduction of endangered Whooping Cranes (Grus americana) in eastern North America has successfully established a migratory population between Wisconsin and Florida. Eighty birds (47 males, 33 females) were released between 2001 and 2006, and all birds were tracked following release with satellite and/or VHF monitoring devices. By the end of 2006, 17 deaths (12 males, five females) were recorded from this population. Postmortem findings and field data were evaluated for each bird to determine the cause of death. Causes included predation (n58, 47%), trauma (n52, 12%), and degenerative disease (n51, 6%); the cause of death was undetermined for 35% (n56) of the birds. Based on physical evidence, the primary predator of the birds was the bobcat (Lynx rufus). Limited roosting habitat availability or bird behavior were likely prime factors in the occurrence of predation. Traumatic injuries and mortality were caused by gunshot, electrical utility lines, and an unknown source. The lone case of degenerative disease was due to chronic exertional myopathy associated with translocation. Available postmortem testing did not indicate the presence of infectious disease in this limited sample.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Postmortem Evaluation of Reintroduced Migratory Whooping Cranes in Eastern North America

Cole¹,

Thomas²,

Spalding³

et al. 2009

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…Chronic infections are characterized by granulomas disseminated throughout many organs [11]. DVC is an important cause of crane chick mortality in captivity [12, 14–16], and has also been described in captive adult cranes [17]. In one study, experimentally infected sandhill crane ( Grus canadensis ) chicks all developed granulomas, and 23.8% of wild sandhill cranes had granulomas at necropsy [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coccidian Parasites and Conservation Implications for the Endangered Whooping Crane (Grus americana)

et al. 2015

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While the population of endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana) has grown from 15 individuals in 1941 to an estimated 304 birds today, the population growth is not sufficient to support a down-listing of the species to threatened status. The degree to which disease may be limiting the population growth of whooping cranes is unknown. One disease of potential concern is caused by two crane-associated Eimeria species: Eimeria gruis and E. reichenowi. Unlike most species of Eimeria, which are localized to the intestinal tract, these crane-associated species may multiply systemically and cause a potentially fatal disease. Using a non-invasive sampling approach, we assessed the prevalence and phenology of Eimeria oocysts in whooping crane fecal samples collected across two winter seasons (November 2012–April 2014) at the Aransas National Wildlife Refuge along the Texas Gulf coast. We also compared the ability of microscopy and PCR to detect Eimeria in fecal samples. Across both years, 26.5% (n = 328) of fecal samples were positive for Eimeria based on microscopy. Although the sensitivity of PCR for detecting Eimeria infections seemed to be less than that of microscopy in the first year of the study (8.9% vs. 29.3%, respectively), an improved DNA extraction protocol resulted in increased sensitivity of PCR relative to microscopy in the second year of the study (27.6% and 20.8%, respectively). The proportion of positive samples did not vary significantly between years or among sampling sites. The proportion of Eimeria positive fecal samples varied with date of collection, but there was no consistent pattern of parasite shedding between the two years. We demonstrate that non-invasive fecal collections combined with PCR and DNA sequencing techniques provides a useful tool for monitoring Eimeria infection in cranes. Understanding the epidemiology of coccidiosis is important for management efforts to increase population growth of the endangered whooping crane.

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“…This disease has also been reported as a recurring disease in wild populations of sandhill cranes (Carpenter and others 1984) and in the non‐migratory Missisipi sandhill crane ( Grus canadensis pulla ) (Forrester and others 1978). Infection has been reported in wild cranes in Korea (Kwon and others 2006) and Japan (Matsubayashi and others 2005, Sarashina and others 2006) as well as in the USA, although few mortalities have been reported in these populations (Carpenter and others 1979, Forrester and Spalding 2003, Watanabe and others 2003). DVC has more recently been reported in a captive four‐month‐old white‐naped crane in Korea (Kim and others 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

Disseminated visceral coccidiosis in Eurasian cranes (Grus grus) in the UK

et al. 2011

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Clinical disease and mortalities due to disseminated visceral coccidiosis were identified for the first time in a group of captive juvenile Eurasian cranes (Grus grus) in the UK during 2008. Presumptive diagnosis was made from the finding of granulomatous nodules in the liver, spleen and other organs at gross postmortem examination, and confirmed histologically by the presence of intracellular coccidial stages within lesions. The species of coccidian was determined to be Eimeria reichenowi on the basis of faecal oocyst morphology and sequencing of 18S rDNA by PCR. A further outbreak of clinical disease occurred in the same enclosure in 2009, affecting a new group of juvenile Eurasian cranes and demoiselle cranes (Anthropoides virgo) and indicating the persistence of infective oocysts in the environment. Clinical sampling of birds during both years demonstrated positive results from examination of both faecal samples and peripheral blood smears.

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Disseminated Visceral Coccidiosis in a Wild White-naped Crane (Grus vipio)

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Postmortem Evaluation of Reintroduced Migratory Whooping Cranes in Eastern North America

Postmortem Evaluation of Reintroduced Migratory Whooping Cranes in Eastern North America

Coccidian Parasites and Conservation Implications for the Endangered Whooping Crane (Grus americana)

Disseminated visceral coccidiosis in Eurasian cranes (Grus grus) in the UK

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