Disseminated Tuberculosis of Central Nervous System : Spinal Intramedullary and Intracranial Tuberculomas

Lim, Yu Seok; Kim, Sung Bum; Kim, Min Ki; Lim, Young Jin

doi:10.3340/jkns.2013.54.1.61

Cited by 15 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Spinal TB may develop as a primary tuberculous lesion, from the downward extension of intracranial TBM, or secondary to vertebral TB . It involves the cord, meninges and nerve roots and manifests as spinal arachnoiditis, intradural (extramedullary) tuberculomas, or rarely as intramedullary tuberculomas . Spinal nerve roots may become entrapped and matted in exudate filling the subarachnoid space, and complete obliteration of the thecal space can occur in severe cases .…”

Section: Macroscopic Manifestations Of the Disease In Relation To Thementioning

confidence: 99%

The pathogenesis of tuberculous meningitis

Davis

Rohlwink

Proust

et al. 2019

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

130

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Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death globally. Dissemination of TB to the brain results in the most severe form of extrapulmonary TB, tuberculous meningitis (TBM), which represents a medical emergency associated with high rates of mortality and disability. Via various mechanisms the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) bacillus disseminates from the primary site of infection and overcomes protective barriers to enter the CNS. There it induces an inflammatory response involving both the peripheral and resident immune cells, which initiates a cascade of pathologic mechanisms that may either contain the disease or result in significant brain injury. Here we review the steps from primary infection to cerebral disease, factors that contribute to the virulence of the organism and the vulnerability of the host and discuss the immune response and the clinical manifestations arising. Priorities for future research directions are suggested. K E Y W O R D S mycobacterial, endothelial cells, granulocytes, microglia cells, monocytes/macrophages, myeloid cells, neutrophils, T Lymphocytes, Th17 cells at the site of infection activates macrophages and DCs to produce cytokines and antimicrobial factors that contribute to containment of the TB bacillus. 2 This inflammatory process results in the formation of a granuloma, which encapsulates the infected cells and retards the replication of TB bacilli and can lead to latent infection. However, in

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Section: Macroscopic Manifestations Of the Disease In Relation To Thementioning

confidence: 99%

The pathogenesis of tuberculous meningitis

Davis

Rohlwink

Proust

et al. 2019

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

130

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“…[6] Concurrent occurrence of intracranial tuberculomas along with intramedullary spinal tuberculomas is extremely rare. [7,8] The case presented here was diagnosed in the background of miliary tuberculosis. The chest X-ray of this patient showed miliary mottling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent occurrence of both intracranial and intramedullary tuberculomas

Sreeramulu¹,

Srinivasulu²,

Ubara³

et al. 2015

Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation

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A B S T R A C TTuberculosis involving spinal cord in the form of intramedullary tuberculoma is uncommon, and the concurrent occurrence of cranial and intramedullary tuberculomas is extremely rare. We report a case of disseminated tuberculoma involving brain and spinal cord with miliary tuberculosis in a 32-year-old male presenting with fever, cerebellar signs and motor weakness of both upper and lower extremities. Based on magnetic resonance imaging and polymerase chain reaction, we diagnosed as tuberculoma. He completely recovered with conventional antituberculous treatment and steroids. The follow-up of the patient showed disappearance of signs and symptoms.

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“…31 They arise from hematogenous dissemination and tend to occur predominantly in young people in developing countries. Most cases of intramedullary tuberculomas are subacute with progressive spinal cord compression symptoms.…”

Section: Intramedullary Tuberculomasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal Infections

Arbeláez

Restrepo²,

Castillo

2014

Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Spinal infections represent a group of rare conditions affecting vertebral bodies, intervertebral discs, paraspinal soft tissues, epidural space, meninges, and spinal cord. The causal factors, clinical presentations, and imaging features are a challenge because the difficulty to differentiate them from other conditions, such as degenerative and inflammatory disorders and spinal neoplasm. They require early recognition because delay diagnosis, imaging, and intervention may have devastating consequences especially in children and the elderly. This article reviews the most common spinal infections, their pathophysiologic, clinical manifestation, and their imaging findings.

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Disseminated Tuberculosis of Central Nervous System : Spinal Intramedullary and Intracranial Tuberculomas

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

The pathogenesis of tuberculous meningitis

The pathogenesis of tuberculous meningitis

Concurrent occurrence of both intracranial and intramedullary tuberculomas

Spinal Infections

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