Disseminated molluscum contagiosum and pulmonary cryptococcosis coexisting in an HTLV‐1 seropositive patient

Adedayo, A. O.; Bascom, Charles C.; Grell, G. A. C.; Bellot, Patrick; Adebiyi, Ruxton; Chandra, Prasant

doi:10.1046/j.1468-3083.2003.00889.x

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the Peruvian subjects and of those identified in the literature are shown in Table 1 [ 11–23 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 33–37 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and Cryptococcosis Infection, an Underdiagnosed Association: Case Series and Literature Review

Concha-Velasco,

Seas,

Gotuzzo

et al. 2024

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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“…The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the Peruvian subjects and of those identified in the literature are shown in Table 1 [ 11–23 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 33–37 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and Cryptococcosis Infection, an Underdiagnosed Association: Case Series and Literature Review

Concha-Velasco,

Seas,

Gotuzzo

et al. 2024

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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“…Disseminated Cryptococcus infection with CNS involvement was described in a HTLV-1 patient from the Caribbean (93). Pulmonary cryptococcosis in a HTLV-1 positive, HIV-negative patient with disseminated molluscum contagiosum was also described (84). Cryptococcosis has been reported in patients with ATL (94)(95)(96).…”

Section: Does Htlv-1 Impact the Pathology Of Co-infection?mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In Peru, in two different studies, 60-70% of patients with crusted scabies were infected with HTLV-1 (81,82), while in two case series all six patients in French Guiana (83) and all 21 patients from Brazil were co-infected with HTLV-1 (79). Among HTLV-1 seropositive hospitalized patients in Dominica, 7.6% had crusted scabies (84). In the indigenous Australian population scabies was more frequent in HTLV-1 infected patients than seronegative individuals [14.2% (72/507) vs. 8.5% (80/944), p < 0.001] (56).…”

Section: Does Htlv-1 Impact the Pathology Of Co-infection?mentioning

confidence: 99%

HTLV-1 and Co-infections

Rosadas

Taylor

2022

Front. Med.

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Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that causes lifelong T-cell infection in humans, impacting the host immune response. This virus causes a range of clinical manifestations, from inflammatory conditions, including neuronal damage (HTLV-1 associated myelopathy, HAM) to life-threatening leukemia (adult T-cell leukemia, ATL). Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 is also associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, but the mechanisms remain unclear. As a blood-borne and sexually transmitted infection (STI), HTLV-1 shares transmission routes to many other pathogens and although it has worldwide distribution, it affects mainly those in low- and middle-income tropical areas, where the prevalence of other infectious agents is high. These factors contribute to a high incidence of co-infections in people living with HTLV-1 (PLHTLV). This comprehensive review addresses the impact of HTLV-1 on several co-infections and vice-versa. There is evidence of higher rates of HTLV-1 infection in association with other blood borne (HCV, HBV) and sexually transmitted (Syphilis, Chlamydia, HPV, HSV) infections but whether this represents increased susceptibility or opportunity is unclear. Higher frequency of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) and Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) is observed in PLHTLV. Reports of opportunistic infections and high frequency of crusted scabies in patients with HTLV-1 points to immune impairment in those individuals. Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 may influence the persistence of pathogens, exemplified by the higher rates of Schistosoma mansoni and Strongyloides stercoralis (St. stercoralis) treatment failure observed in PLHTLV. This retrovirus is also associated with increased tuberculosis (TB) severity with some evidence pointing to a deleterious impact on leprosy outcome as well. These findings are supported by immune alterations observed in those co-infected individuals. Although the role of HTLV-1 in HCV outcome is debatable, most data indicate that HTLV may negatively impact the clinical course of hepatitis C. Co-infections may also influence the risk of developing HTLV-1 associated disease, but data are still limited. The impact of HTLV-1 on the response to more common infections, might contribute to the increased mortality rate of HTLV-1. Large scale prospective controlled studies on the prevalence and impact of HTLV-1 in co-infections and vice-versa are needed. Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 impact in public health is broad. Measures to increase awareness and to prevent new infections are needed.

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“…Pitted scarring is a rare complication of regression in atopic individuals. 85 An additional mechanism appears to be involved in regression. 74 Extensive lesions can occur in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with AIDS.…”

Section: Cowpoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral diseases

Weedon

2010

Weedon's Skin Pathology

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Disseminated molluscum contagiosum and pulmonary cryptococcosis coexisting in an HTLV‐1 seropositive patient

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and Cryptococcosis Infection, an Underdiagnosed Association: Case Series and Literature Review

Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and Cryptococcosis Infection, an Underdiagnosed Association: Case Series and Literature Review

HTLV-1 and Co-infections

Viral diseases

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