Disseminated intraosseous Kaposi’s sarcoma: A rare manifestation of HIV/AIDS

Abstract

Summary Kaposi Sarcoma (KS), a mucocutaneous cancer that most frequently occurs in the context of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) secondary to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), is a relatively benign condition, acting more as a marker of immunodeficiency than directly causing harm itself. However, it has been known to spread both locally and in a metastatic fashion, with reports of KS affecting almost all organ systems. One of the most rarely reported areas of involvement is the musculoskeletal system, with secondary osseous spread representing an even smaller subset of these. We report a case of biopsy proven disseminated intraosseous KS involving the entire imaged skeleton that occurred with HIV/AIDS, despite maximal treatment and normal imaging 8 months prior.

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“…Our patient's HIV was well controlled with ART therapy, as evidenced by a normal CD4 count and an undetectable viral load. However, cutaneous KS, even with musculoskeletal manifestations, has been rarely reported in patients with well‐controlled HIV (25,26). Although the diagnosis of KS skeletal involvement often requires a bone biopsy, our patient did not have the classic imaging findings nor progression of lesions to support osseous involvement, and therefore no further need for intervention.…”