Disseminated Mycobacterium massiliense infection in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

Abstract

Nontuberculous mycobacteria are ubiquitous in water and soil, and the subset of rapidly growing mycobacteria species can cause severe infections in immunocompromised patients. Solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients are known to be susceptible to infection by nontuberculous mycobacteria.The nontuberculous mycobacteria species Mycobacterium massiliense (M massiliense) has been classified as a rapidly growing mycobacteria and recognized as a pathogen causing lung and soft tissue infections in humans. However, there have been only a few reported cases of M massiliense infection after solid organ transplantation and HSCT. We herein report another case of M massiliense infection after allogeneic HSCT, which manifested as soft tissue infection, lung infection, and bacteremia.

A Disseminated Mycobacterium Abscessus Infection in a Patient Affected by Pulmonary Graft versus Host Disease: Case Report with a Revision of Literature

“…However, a single-center report from Japan has recently described three cases of macrolide-resistant Mab-related lung infections in as many alloHSCT patients previously treated with macrolides for bronchiolitis obliterans, a pulmonary manifestation of cGVHD [14]. Table 1 resumes subspecies, characteristics and outcome of Mab infection in adult alloHSCT patients according to the literature published in the last 10 years [13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in patients with hematologic malignancies and recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

“…Although isolated lymphadenitis and limited organ involvement such as skin infection or pneumonia can be seen in immunocompromised patients, the diagnosis of mycobacterial infection in any extrapulmonary location without antecedent trauma or surgery should always prompt further evaluation for disseminated disease. 8,50,60,71,72 Less common presentations of NTM in immunosuppressed patients include long bone, vertebral body, maxillary sinus, and abdominal organ involvement such as liver, spleen, and peritoneum. 37,39,66,73,74 The high mortality rate is seen in these patients is primarily driven by the overall poor clinical condition of patients due to their underlying hematological malignancy, as well as significant difficulties and delays in establishing a definitive diagnosis of disseminated NTM disase.…”

“…Clinical presentations are often nonspecific and include fever, weight loss, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fatigue. Although isolated lymphadenitis and limited organ involvement such as skin infection or pneumonia can be seen in immunocompromised patients, the diagnosis of mycobacterial infection in any extrapulmonary location without antecedent trauma or surgery should always prompt further evaluation for disseminated disease 8,50,60,71,72 . Less common presentations of NTM in immunosuppressed patients include long bone, vertebral body, maxillary sinus, and abdominal organ involvement such as liver, spleen, and peritoneum 37,39,66,73,74 .…”