Disseminated cutaneous tuberculosis from BCG vaccination site in an immunocompetent child

Dhar, Sandipan; Ganjoo, Shikhar; Dhar, Subhra; Srinivas, Sahana M

doi:10.1111/pde.14398

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The possibility of disseminated mycobacterial infection secondary to BCG vaccination has also been observed. According to a case study by Dhar et al, the administration of the BCG vaccine first started as a local swelling of the injection site, which then resulted in the disseminated mycobacterial infection in an immunocompetent child [ 17 ]. Dhar notes the rarity of the dissemination of mycobacteria from the BCG vaccine because local cutaneous complications, along with other CTBs such as lupus vulgaris, tuberculids, and even leprosy, are not uncommon [ 1 ].…”

Section: Incidence and Epidemiology Of Tb And Cutaneous Tbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even rarer, a tuberculous chancre can form with inoculation of M. bovis to the skin after local trauma, and this accounts for about 1–2% of CTB [ 52 ]. Multiple reports have been published describing the extremely rare development of a CTB reaction after the administration of the BCG vaccination [ 17 ]. Dhar et al describe a previously healthy 4-month-old diagnosed with biopsy-confirmed disseminated CTB at the site of BCG immunization that resolved without recurrence after anti-TB treatment [ 17 ].…”

Section: Clinical Presentation Of Ctbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple reports have been published describing the extremely rare development of a CTB reaction after the administration of the BCG vaccination [ 17 ]. Dhar et al describe a previously healthy 4-month-old diagnosed with biopsy-confirmed disseminated CTB at the site of BCG immunization that resolved without recurrence after anti-TB treatment [ 17 ]. A case report conducted by Stratmen et al described an adult developing chancre-variant CTB in response to receiving the BCG vaccine for the treatment of fibromyalgia [ 52 ].…”

Section: Clinical Presentation Of Ctbmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cutaneous Manifestations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Literature Review

Nguyen,

Alcantara,

Glassman

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Tuberculosis is an ancient disease that humanity struggled with for centuries and continues to struggle with. The bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis often infects the lungs through respiratory transmission and manifests itself through various symptoms, including cutaneous infections. Cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) comprises about 1% to 1.5% of all extrapulmonary manifestations and is often accompanied by polymorphous lesions, including papules, nodules, plaques, ulcers, gummas, and verrucous lesions. CTB is most commonly observed in low-income, HIV, and immunosuppressed populations, similar to intrapulmonary manifestations. The main pathogen for CTB is M. tuberculosis but less commonly with M. bovis and BCG vaccine, and the modes of transmission are largely classified into exogenous and endogenous CTB. Current treatment options for CTB include oral therapy of antibiotic medications such as rifampicin, streptomycin, ethambutol, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide, which is occasionally combined with surgical intervention.

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Section: Incidence and Epidemiology Of Tb And Cutaneous Tbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Presentation Of Ctbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Presentation Of Ctbmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cutaneous Manifestations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Literature Review

Nguyen,

Alcantara,

Glassman

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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“…Disseminated cutaneous tuberculosis is rarely reported both in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent children receiving the vaccine at birth [ 21 ].…”

Section: Mycobacterial Skin Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterial skin infection

Giannotti

Gregori

Matteelli

et al. 2022

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

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Purpose of review The aim of this article is to review the most recent evidences concerning mycobacterial skin infections, limiting the period of literature research to 2020--2021. Recent findings Mycobacterial skin infections include a heterogeneous group of cutaneous diseases. Cutaneous tuberculosis is usually the result of hematogenous dissemination or spread from underlying foci and it must be distinguished from tuberculids, resulting from the immunological reaction to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens. Leprosy prevalence was drastically reduced after introduction of multidrug therapy in the 1980 s, but cases are still reported due to underdiagnosis, and animal and environmental reservoirs. Recent advances concentrate in the diagnostic field. Specific guidelines for the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacteria skin infections are missing and surgical procedures may be required. Prognosis is better as compared to nontuberculous mycobacteria lung disease. Rapid laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of Buruli ulcer may be achieved by the IS2404 PCR. Among new drugs, telacebec is promising in terms of potency, shorter duration and tolerability in animal studies. A clinical trial in humans is planned. Summary Mycobacterial cutaneous lesions are nonpathognomonic and clinical suspicion must be confirmed by culture or molecular detection. Long-course multidrug treatment is required based on susceptibility tests. Surgical intervention may also be required. Rehabilitation and psychosocial support reduce long-term physical and mental consequences mostly in Buruli ulcer and leprosy.

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“…Rarely, disseminated CTB can result from the BCG vaccine in immunocompetent individuals. 47 These lesions present with widespread papules over the site of the BCG immunization. Anti-tubercular treatment for 6 months has been sufficient in previous cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%