Disseminated blastomycosis in a child with a brief review of the Indian literature

Rao, G Raghurama; Narayan, Betsy Lakshmi; Prasad, B K; Amareswar, A; Sridevi, M; Raju, B.B.V.

doi:10.4103/0378-6323.104676

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(17 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…44 Autochthonous cases of culture-proven blastomycosis have been reported from Africa and India. [47][48][49][50][51][52] Approximately 100 patients with blastomycosis have been described from 18 African countries, whereas less than 10 confirmed autochthonous cases have been reported from India. [47][48][49][50][51][52] The limited number of human and animal cases has precluded accurate discernment of the geographic distribution or ecological niche within Africa and India.…”

Section: Geographic Distribution and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

New Developments in Blastomycosis

Smith

Gauthier

2015

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Blastomyces dermatitidis, the etiologic agent of blastomycosis, is a thermally dimorphic fungus that grows as a filamentous mold in the environment and as budding yeast in human tissue. This pathogen is endemic to North America, particularly in the states bordering the Mississippi and Ohio rivers, the Great Lakes, and the St. Lawrence Seaway. Infection with B. dermatitidis causes a broad array of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic infection to fulminant sepsis with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death. B. dermatitidis can infect almost any organ in the body, but has a predilection for lungs and skin. There have been recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of this fungus. The Infectious Diseases Society of America published updated guidelines in 2008 to guide clinicians in the treatment of this important pathogen.

show abstract

Section: Geographic Distribution and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

New Developments in Blastomycosis

Smith

Gauthier

2015

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Blastomycosis may be asymptomatic or it can present as isolated pulmonary disease, disseminated disease (pulmonary and extrapulmonary infection), or extrapulmonary disease with manifestations in the central nervous system, bone, skin, or other locations (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Blastomyces Antigen Detection for Diagnosis and Management of Blastomycosis

Frost

Novicki

2015

J Clin Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

cBlastomyces spp. antigen testing was evaluated over a 10-year period in an area where blastomycosis is endemic. Antigen testing was less sensitive than previously reported, but serial urine testing was useful in monitoring disease resolution or progression. Culture and cytopathology remain the gold standard for diagnosis and exclusion of this infection. Blastomycosis is a serious and potentially fatal fungal infection. Blastomycosis may be asymptomatic or it can present as isolated pulmonary disease, disseminated disease (pulmonary and extrapulmonary infection), or extrapulmonary disease with manifestations in the central nervous system, bone, skin, or other locations (1-11).Culture and cytopathology are the gold standard for the diagnosis of blastomycosis. However, a variety of other diagnostic tests, including antigen testing, antibody testing, and PCR, are commercially available (8,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Given that identification from culture may not be evident for 2 to 4 weeks and that it often requires invasive procedures to obtain specimens, there is great interest in using antigen enzyme immunoassays (EIA) for rapid, noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression or resolution (2,4,8,19).We evaluated the use of Blastomyces urine, serum, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid antigen assays for the diagnosis of blastomycosis and the effects of treatment on the clearance of antigenuria at the Marshfield Clinic from 1995 to 2015. Marshfield Clinic is located in Wisconsin where blastomycosis is endemic (1,3,6,9,(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28). Research protocols were approved by the Marshfield Clinic Institutional Review Board. Waiver of informed consent was obtained.Patients were included if blastomycosis was confirmed by culture or cytopathology and if urine, serum, or BAL fluid antigen EIA was completed at the time of diagnosis or within 30 days of starting antifungal medication. Blastomycosis was confirmed by culture or cytopathology at Marshfield Labs using conventional techniques. Commercially available blastomycosis antigen EIA was performed at the MiraVista Diagnostics reference laboratory at the time of specimen collection using qualitative EIA prior to March 2011 or quantitative EIA thereafter. EIA results are available within 24 h of sample submission (13,14,16). All specimens were obtained as part of routine clinical evaluations. Retrospective chart review was completed for all patients.Data were abstracted into Excel 2010, and statistical analysis was completed using SAS 9.3. Categorical data were compared using the 2 test or the Fisher exact test. Continuous variables were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum, Kruskal-Wallis, or analysis of variance (ANOVA). Correlation for serial urine antigen testing was measured using Spearman's coefficient. Significance was defined as a P of Ͻ0.05.Patients with quantitative antigen EIA results were reported as negative, positive below the limit of quantification (Ͻ0.2 ng/ml), positive and quantifiable (0.2 to 14.7 ng/ml), or positiv...

show abstract

“…It commonly occurs due to skin trauma leading to the introduction of fungus [6]. Skin is the most usual site (40-80%) of the dissemination of pulmonary (as seen in our case), followed by bone (10-50%), genitourinary tract (10-30%), and central nervous system (1-5%) [3,9]. The mortality is very high with central nervous system (CNS) involvement [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Gilchirst first reported it in the year 1894 [3]. It first involves the lungs due to inhalation of the conidia of this organism [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rare Case of Recurrent Blastomycosis in North America

Fatima

2020

IJMPCR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Blastomycosis is a chronic granulomatous and suppurative mycoses caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis. The majority of cases show a primary pulmonary disease. We report a 65-year-old male patient with two painless, violaceous nodules over the left chest wall and right inner thigh. Initially, differential diagnoses of disseminated Blastomycosis, Pneumonia, and Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma made based on past and present clinical history and presentation. The final diag-nosis of disseminated with secondary cutaneous Blastomycosis in a followup case of Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma made based on skin biopsy, broncho-alveolar lavage, and bronchial brushing showing budding yeasts of Blastomyces. The patient responded well to therapy with Amphotericin B and Itraconazole along with intravenous methylprednisolone.

show abstract

Disseminated blastomycosis in a child with a brief review of the Indian literature

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

New Developments in Blastomycosis

New Developments in Blastomycosis

Blastomyces Antigen Detection for Diagnosis and Management of Blastomycosis

A Rare Case of Recurrent Blastomycosis in North America

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About