Dissecting the total cost of ownership of fully electric cars in Italy: The impact of annual distance travelled, home charging and urban driving

Scorrano, Mariangela; Danielis, Romeo; Giansoldati, Marco

doi:10.1016/j.retrec.2019.100799

Cited by 65 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Several papers have explored these TCO differences. The authors of this study have performed previous TCO applications to different market segments including private cars ( [9,[12][13][14]), LCVs ( [15]) and taxis ( [16]). Some studies have performed cross-country ( [17,18]) or cross-city ( [19]) comparisons.…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

The Economic Case for Electric Vehicles in Public Sector Fleets: An Italian Case Study

Danielis

Scorrano

Giansoldati

et al. 2020

WEVJ

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The paper investigates whether it makes economic sense to use electric vehicles (EVs) in the public sector fleet. Thanks to the data collected in 2018 in 77 public sector entities in an Italian region, Friuli Venezia Giulia, we compare the total cost of ownership of a battery electric vehicle with that of a similar internal combustion engine one. We provide estimates for four scenarios (status quo, social cost internalization, price discounts and a combination of the last two) for three groups of public entities (local health authorities, municipalities and special purpose authorities) regarding passenger cars and mixed-use small light commercial vehicles. We find that, with the current price and cost structure, it makes economic sense to adopt EVs for a positive although relatively small percentage of the public sector fleet.

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Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

The Economic Case for Electric Vehicles in Public Sector Fleets: An Italian Case Study

Danielis

Scorrano

Giansoldati

et al. 2020

WEVJ

Self Cite

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“…The energy consumption of the two vehicles calculated by the developed models are compared with a "constant consumption" approach based on manufacturer-reported values for the same vehicles. These constant values are used for the TCO calculation in [15] and [28]. VOLUME The "constant consumption" value is 20 kWh/100 km.…”

Section: Comparison With Standard Consumption Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The energy consumption of the real extra-urban trip (Figure 7) is 20% lower than the constant consumption value for the EV (Table IV). In [15] and [28], the authors used the manufacturer-reported NEDC energy consumption value with a corrective factor of 45% which would lead to overestimation of the costs of the EV.…”

Section: Comparison With Standard Consumption Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Techno-Economic Comparison of Total Cost of Ownership of Electric and Diesel Vehicles

et al. 2020

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Despite their low environmental impact, electrical vehicles have low penetration in the automotive market. Consumers are reluctant for technical reasons (limited driving range and long charging time) but also for an economic reason (high investment costs). Electric vehicle total cost of ownership (TCO) is often perceived as higher than for a thermal car, especially in Europe where diesel cars have a lower TCO than gasoline cars. Accurate TCO estimations are critical, but most of the techno-economic studies of electrified vehicles are based on very simplified energy models. In this paper, a techno-economic model is developed using an accurate technical model of an electric vehicle and a diesel car of the same segment. These technical models are validated by experimental measurements on real cars using real driving cycles. These models are then coupled to economic models to calculate TCO for a French case study. The total cost of ownership of the studied electric car is lower than for the equivalent diesel car by about 1000€ for a 5-year ownership period. Of particular importance is the finding that using real driving cycles instead of standard driving cycles decreases the TCO of electric cars while simultaneously increasing the TCO of diesel vehicles. This has implications for techno-economic models, suggesting that the typical TCO approach that uses manufacturer-reported standard cycle data may be systemically biased towards thermal vehicles. In order to understand how TCO may change in different locations, a sensitivity analysis varies different technical and economic factors. Government subsidy, ownership duration, and vehicle depreciation are the most important factors for the TCO of electric vehicles. However, TCO of the electric cars can be lower than the TCO of equivalent diesel cars under a wide range of reasonable inputs.

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“…Each type has a distinct level of availability, convenience, and security. In the small literature studying home parking, most studies either use a proxy for home parking (Wong, 2013;Ritter and Vance, 2013;Potoglou & Kanaroglou, 2008;Ryan & Han, 1999) or they use access to home parking (Scorrano et al, 2020;Wu et al, 1999;Christiansen, Engebretsen et al, 2017).…”

Section: Parking At Homementioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the impact of parking on car ownership and commute mode choices

Khazaeian¹

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Researchers in commuting studies predominantly focus on movements. However, every trip starts and terminates in a place. For drivers, commuting is a journey between parking locations. They start their journey from home parking, park near work, and eventually return to home parking. Cars spend most of the day parked, with associated externalities. Drivers waste time and fuel cruising for parking in city centres and waste other drivers’ time and fuel by slowing traffic. More fuel consumption implies more carbon emissions and local air pollution. Providing off-street home parking increases house prices and reduces house affordability. Nonetheless, parking is a small part of the transportation literature and further research is needed to support a comprehensive understanding of parking and its impacts on travel behavior. This thesis is centreed around three questions; “How does the quantity of home parking affect car ownership and commute mode?”, “How do home parking type and quantity affect car ownership?”, “How does walking time from parking location to work impact parking type choice?”. Each question is answered in a separate chapter using a discrete choice model and a sample of commuters surveyed in the New Zealand Household Travel Survey (NZHTS) in the Greater Wellington Region (GWR), New Zealand. We find that home parking quantity strongly and positively affects car ownership and proclivity for driving. Residential parking is the most important factor in encouraging carless households to acquire a car. High home parking supply motivates households to drive more often. More car trips from suburbs means higher demand for parking downtown and highlights the relationship between home parking and work parking. More garage spaces at home noticeably motivates households to have multiple cars. The number of driveway spaces positively influences owning more than two cars. An inverse relationship exists between on-street parking demand and car ownership. For work parking, we find that walking time from public off-street parking to work significantly discourages commuters from choosing public off-street parking. Walking time from an on-street parking to work is also a significant disincentive for choosing On-street parking. The cost of on-street parking is important, followed by the number of on-street parking spaces. Elasticities show that the motivation of drivers to change parking type is close to their willingness to choose non-driving modes, if any parking features change. This similar willingness indicates a potential for achieving lower car use through parking restriction and improving non-driving modes. This research contributes to the home parking literature by considering residential location as a choice that is interrelated with car ownership and mode choice. We study commuters who could live and work anywhere in a region (GWR) with a diverse range of socioeconomic characteristics, parking features, and traffic conditions, in order to give results that are more realistic and comprehensive. We mitigate the endogeneity between car ownership and home parking using novel instrumental variables for home parking. Our measure for on-street parking carefully considers parking competition and quantity. Commute length is measured as commute time to better represent commuters’ perception of commute length. For work parking, we consider mode choices and parking alternatives simultaneously, and use novel demand-based measures for parking features. We expect the findings of this research will contribute to a better understanding of how parking arrangements in cities can affect commuting patterns, and how parking policies can impact urban design, land use and transport outcomes.

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Dissecting the total cost of ownership of fully electric cars in Italy: The impact of annual distance travelled, home charging and urban driving

Cited by 65 publications

References 30 publications

The Economic Case for Electric Vehicles in Public Sector Fleets: An Italian Case Study

The Economic Case for Electric Vehicles in Public Sector Fleets: An Italian Case Study

Techno-Economic Comparison of Total Cost of Ownership of Electric and Diesel Vehicles

Estimating the impact of parking on car ownership and commute mode choices

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