Dissecting the inheritance pattern of the anemone flower type and tubular floral traits of chrysanthemum in segregating F1 populations

Abstract

Anemone type, featuring prominent and colored in tubular orets, is an attractive ower shape in chrysanthemums and thus desired by breeders and consumers. Understanding the genetic basis of anemone-type owers in chrysanthemum is crucial for breeding success. The current study conducted nine cross combinations from seven parents to investigate segregation patterns, parental effect, and the relationships between the heterosis of six tubular oral traits and parental genetic distance. The results showed signi cant (P < 0.05) differences between the parents and crosses in various tubular oral traits, and transgressive segregation was observed in both directions for most traits. The considerable variation was revealed for almost oral traits, thus indicating the substantial potential for selecting lines with the desirable traits. The segregation ratio of anemone to nonanemone followed 3:1 in anemone × anemone crosses and 1:3 in either nonanemone × anemone or anemone × nonanemone crosses, except for two reciprocal crosses derived from the parents 'Nannong Xuefeng' and 'QX096'. The F 1 hybrids' performance was more inclined towards a vulnerable parent and involved less in uence of maternal or paternal effects, displaying some extended declines and negative mid-parent heterosis (MPH). The phenotypic genetic distance was signi cantly negatively correlated with MPH for oral traits except for style length and disk ower diameter. In contrast, we observed no signi cant correlation between molecular marker-based genetic distance and MPH for all oral characteristics. The ndings of the current work provide insights into the complex inheritance pattern of ower shapes and help achieve desirable improvement in anemone-type chrysanthemums.

Heritability of floral traits in Allium cepa L. populations from biparental crosses

“…These findings suggest that a substantial proportion of the variance is explained by genetic factors in traits with heritability values above 0.50. Similar values have been reported for crosses and hybrid populations of various species, such as Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat., Argentina anserine (L.) Rydb., Iris × hybrida Hort., and Crocus sativus L. In these studies, broad‐sense heritability ranging from 0.34 to 0.92 accounted for different floral traits associated with flower size and shape (Baghalian et al., 2010; Fan et al., 2019; Koski & Ashman, 2013; Yang et al., 2023). Our results of broad‐sense heritability remained consistently stable across the three evaluated populations.…”

Genetic Analyses of Flower Main Traits from Two Pitayas and Their Progenies: A Cactus Plant

“…Promoting the evolution of floral morphology toward larger flowers is more favorable for pollinators [ 45 ]. Understanding the genetic control model of flower traits is of great significance for breed improvement in plants [ 46 ]. Previous studies found that, in peaches, the phenotype of multi-petal flowers is a single recessive trait [ 47 ], while the single-petal flower type is controlled by a recessive allele in carnations [ 48 ].…”