Dissecting Metabolism of Leaf Nodules in Ardisia crenata and Psychotria punctata

Schindler, Florian; Fragner, Lena; Herpell, Johannes B; Berger, Andreas; Brenner, Martin; Tischler, Sonja; Bellaire, Anke; Schönenberger, Jürg; Liu, Weimin; Sun, Xiaoliang; Schinnerl, Johann; Brecker, Lothar; Weckwerth, Wolfram

doi:10.3389/fmolb.2021.683671

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(146 reference statements)

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“…These bacteria are able to become internalized at meristems when leaf cells are forming. It has also been shown that some bacteria may be absorbed from soils and transported to leaves [ 85 ]. We observed that these trichome openings also serve as exit points for endophytes to colonize the leaf surface, providing a mechanism that helps to explain the provenance of some phyllosphere microbes, including many seed-derived proteobacteria [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also possible that plants with these endosymbioses may switch to absorb soil nitrogen when that is available. This may be evident in the case of invasive reed grass where plants thrive in nitrogen-contaminated soils [ 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 ]. More research into stacked symbiosis as a competitiveness and aggressiveness-enhancing trait will need to be conducted to help validate this hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histochemical Evidence for Nitrogen-Transfer Endosymbiosis in Non-Photosynthetic Cells of Leaves and Inflorescence Bracts of Angiosperms

Micci

Zhang

Chang

et al. 2022

Biology

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We used light and confocal microscopy to visualize bacteria in leaf and bract cells of more than 30 species in 18 families of seed plants. Through histochemical analysis, we detected hormones (including ethylene and nitric oxide), superoxide, and nitrogenous chemicals (including nitric oxide and nitrate) around bacteria within plant cells. Bacteria were observed in epidermal cells, various filamentous and glandular trichomes, and other non-photosynthetic cells. Most notably, bacteria showing nitrate formation based on histochemical staining were present in glandular trichomes of some dicots (e.g., Humulus lupulus and Cannabis sativa). Glandular trichome chemistry is hypothesized to function to scavenge oxygen around bacteria and reduce oxidative damage to intracellular bacterial cells. Experiments to assess the differential absorption of isotopic nitrogen into plants suggest the assimilation of nitrogen into actively growing tissues of plants, where bacteria are most active and carbohydrates are more available. The leaf and bract cell endosymbiosis types outlined in this paper have not been previously reported and may be important in facilitating plant growth, development, oxidative stress resistance, and nutrient absorption into plants. It is unknown whether leaf and bract cell endosymbioses are significant in increasing the nitrogen content of plants. From the experiments that we conducted, it is impossible to know whether plant trichomes evolved specifically as organs for nitrogen fixation or if, instead, trichomes are structures in which bacteria easily colonize and where some casual nitrogen transfer may occur between bacteria and plant cells. It is likely that the endosymbioses seen in leaves and bracts are less efficient than those of root nodules of legumes in similar plants. However, the presence of endosymbioses that yield nitrate in plants could confer a reduced need for soil nitrogen and constitute increased nitrogen-use efficiency, even if the actual amount of nitrogen transferred to plant cells is small. More research is needed to evaluate the importance of nitrogen transfer within leaf and bract cells of plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histochemical Evidence for Nitrogen-Transfer Endosymbiosis in Non-Photosynthetic Cells of Leaves and Inflorescence Bracts of Angiosperms

Micci

Zhang

Chang

et al. 2022

Biology

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“…Endophytes utilize the plant's endosphere as a unique niche to protect themselves from drastic changes in the external environment (Schindler et al, 2021). Recently, medicinal plants have been reported to be influenced by their interaction with beneficial endophytes (Lindow and Brandl, 2003;Chaudhry et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lobophorin Producing Endophytic Streptomyces olivaceus JB1 Associated With Maesa japonica (Thunb.) Moritzi & Zoll.

Lee

Kim

2022

Front. Microbiol.

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In this study, we focused on endophytes of Maesa japonica (Thunb.) Moritzi & Zoll. and the plant-microbe interaction at metabolite levels. We isolated seven endophytes associated with M. japonica (JB1−7), and focused on Streptomyces olivaceus JB1 because of antibacterial activities of its secondary metabolites. We confirmed lobophorin analogs production from the bacterial strain JB1 by using spectroscopic techniques such as NMR, UV, and LC/Q-TOF-MS. In the LC/MS system, thirteen reported lobophorin analogs and twelve unreported analogs were detected. Among metabolites, lobophorin A was clearly detected in the dried foliar residues of M. japonica which implies that JB1 resides in the host and accumulates its secondary metabolites likely interacting with the plant. Antimicrobial activity tests of the secondary metabolites against undesirable contaminants isolated from the external surface of M. japonica supported the host and microbe mutualistic relationship. In the meantime, lobophorin producing Streptomyces spp. were isolated from marine environments such as marine sediments, algae, corals, and sponges. As lobophorin producing Streptomyces is isolated commonly from marine environments, we conducted a saline water stress tolerance test with JB1 showing saline medium does not accelerate the growth of the bacterium.

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“…Precipitated proteins were pelleted by centrifugation (21,000× g , 15 min, 4 °C) and 950 µL of supernatants was collected, stored at −80 °C for 30 min, and centrifuged again for another 10 min. Five microliters of 10 mM PGP (phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside) and ten microliters of 2.5 mM raffinose were added as internal standards [ 13 ]. Samples were dried under a gentle nitrogen flow and stored at −80 °C until derivatization.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Potential Citrate Shunt in Erythrocytes of PKAN Patients Caused by Mutations in Pantothenate Kinase 2

et al. 2022

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Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the pantothenate kinase 2 (PANK2) gene and associated with iron deposition in basal ganglia. Pantothenate kinase isoforms catalyze the first step in coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis. Since PANK2 is the only isoform in erythrocytes, these cells are an excellent ex vivo model to study the effect of PANK2 point mutations on expression/stability and activity of the protein as well as on the downstream molecular consequences. PKAN erythrocytes containing the T528M PANK2 mutant had residual enzyme activities but variable PANK2 abundances indicating an impaired regulation of the protein. Patients with G521R/G521R, G521R/G262R, and R264N/L275fs PANK2 mutants had no residual enzyme activity and strongly reduced PANK2 abundance. G521R inactivates the catalytic activity of the enzyme, whereas G262R and the R264N point mutations impair the switch from the inactive to the active conformation of the PANK2 dimer. Metabolites in cytosolic extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and multivariate analytic methods revealing changes in the carboxylate metabolism of erythrocytes from PKAN patients as compared to that of the carrier and healthy control. Assuming low/absent CoA levels in PKAN erythrocytes, changes are consistent with a model of altered citrate channeling where citrate is preferentially converted to α-ketoglutarate and α-hydroxyglutarate instead of being used for de novo acetyl-CoA generation. This finding hints at the importance of carboxylate metabolism in PKAN pathology with potential links to reduced cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA levels in neurons and to aberrant brain iron regulation.

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Dissecting Metabolism of Leaf Nodules in Ardisia crenata and Psychotria punctata

Cited by 10 publications

References 89 publications

Histochemical Evidence for Nitrogen-Transfer Endosymbiosis in Non-Photosynthetic Cells of Leaves and Inflorescence Bracts of Angiosperms

Histochemical Evidence for Nitrogen-Transfer Endosymbiosis in Non-Photosynthetic Cells of Leaves and Inflorescence Bracts of Angiosperms

Lobophorin Producing Endophytic Streptomyces olivaceus JB1 Associated With Maesa japonica (Thunb.) Moritzi & Zoll.

A Potential Citrate Shunt in Erythrocytes of PKAN Patients Caused by Mutations in Pantothenate Kinase 2

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