Dissecting Arabidopsis lateral root development

Casimiro, Ilda; Beeckman, Tom; Graham, Neil; Bhalerao, Rishikesh P.; Zhang, Hanma; Casero, P. J.; Sandberg, Göran; Bennett, Malcolm J.

doi:10.1016/s1360-1385(03)00051-7

Cited by 609 publications

(504 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…LRP initiation involves the asymmetric division of xylem pole pericycle founder cells (Dubrovsky et al, 2001). Based on data showing that the pericycle remains in G1 phase of the cell cycle (Beeckman et al, 2001) and that the xylem pole pericycle continues to cycle after leaving the RAM (Dubrovsky et al, 2000), it has been postulated that the pericycle acts as an extended monolayered meristem (Casimiro et al, 2003). While pericycle division is first visible in the differentiation zone well above the dividing RAM, xylem pole pericycle founder cells first need to be primed in the basal meristem (close to the elongation zone) in order to trigger LRP initiation (De Smet et al, 2007).…”

Section: Shr Is Required For Lateral Root Formation In a Mannermentioning

confidence: 99%

SHORT-ROOT Regulates Primary, Lateral, and Adventitious Root Development in Arabidopsis

et al. 2010

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SHORT-ROOT (SHR) is a well-characterized regulator of radial patterning and indeterminacy of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) primary root. However, its role during the elaboration of root system architecture remains unclear. We report that the indeterminate wild-type Arabidopsis root system was transformed into a determinate root system in the shr mutant when growing in soil or agar. The root growth behavior of the shr mutant results from its primary root apical meristem failing to initiate cell division following germination. The inability of shr to reactivate mitotic activity in the root apical meristem is associated with the progressive reduction in the abundance of auxin efflux carriers, PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1), PIN2, PIN3, PIN4, and PIN7. The loss of primary root growth in shr is compensated by the activation of anchor root primordia, whose tissues are radially patterned like the wild type. However, SHR function is not restricted to the primary root but is also required for the initiation and patterning of lateral root primordia. In addition, SHR is necessary to maintain the indeterminate growth of lateral and anchor roots. We conclude that SHR regulates a wide array of Arabidopsis root-related developmental processes.

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Section: Shr Is Required For Lateral Root Formation In a Mannermentioning

confidence: 99%

SHORT-ROOT Regulates Primary, Lateral, and Adventitious Root Development in Arabidopsis

et al. 2010

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“…LRs in Arabidopsis are derived from a subset of pericycle cells, termed pericycle founder cells, which are adjacent to the two xylem poles (for review, see Casimiro et al, 2003;De Smet et al, 2006 Dubrovsky et al, 2008). First, priming of pericycle founder cells occurs in the basal meristem, which is a region at the transition between the meristem and the elongation zone of the root.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…LRs in Arabidopsis are derived from a subset of pericycle cells, termed pericycle founder cells, which are adjacent to the two xylem poles (for review, see Casimiro et al, 2003;De Smet et al, 2006). LR initiation (LRI) is thought to go through two independent checkpoints (De Smet et al, 2007;Dubrovsky et al, 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Ectomycorrhizal FungusLaccaria bicolorStimulates Lateral Root Formation in Poplar and Arabidopsis through Auxin Transport and Signaling

et al. 2009

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The early phase of the interaction between tree roots and ectomycorrhizal fungi, prior to symbiosis establishment, is accompanied by a stimulation of lateral root (LR) development. We aimed to identify gene networks that regulate LR development during the early signal exchanges between poplar (Populus tremula 3 Populus alba) and the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor with a focus on auxin transport and signaling pathways. Our data demonstrated that increased LR development in poplar and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) interacting with L. bicolor is not dependent on the ability of the plant to form ectomycorrhizae. LR stimulation paralleled an increase in auxin accumulation at root apices. Blocking plant polar auxin transport with 1-naphthylphthalamic acid inhibited LR development and auxin accumulation. An oligoarray-based transcript profile of poplar roots exposed to molecules released by L. bicolor revealed the differential expression of 2,945 genes, including several components of polar auxin transport (PtaPIN and PtaAUX genes), auxin conjugation (PtaGH3 genes), and auxin signaling (PtaIAA genes). Transcripts of PtaPIN9, the homolog of Arabidopsis AtPIN2, and several PtaIAAs accumulated specifically during the early interaction phase. Expression of these rapidly induced genes was repressed by 1-naphthylphthalamic acid. Accordingly, LR stimulation upon contact with L. bicolor in Arabidopsis transgenic plants defective in homologs of these genes was decreased or absent. Furthermore, in Arabidopsis pin2, the root apical auxin increase during contact with the fungus was modified. We propose a model in which fungus-induced auxin accumulation at the root apex stimulates LR formation through a mechanism involving PtaPIN9-dependent auxin redistribution together with PtaIAA-based auxin signaling.Most temperate forest trees develop a mutualistic root symbiosis with ectomycorrhizal soil fungi. During the establishment of ectomycorrhiza (ECM), fungal hyphae invade the root from root cap cells in and upwards to the epidermis (Horan et al., 1988). After attachment to epidermal cells, hyphae multiply to form a series of layers that differentiate to establish a mantle structure around the root (Horan et al., 1988). An internal network of hyphae between the epidermis and root cortex cells forms the Hartig net (Blasius et al., 1986), while extraradical hyphae prospect throughout the surrounding soil and gather nutrients. Morphological observations of forming ECMs have shown that in the vicinity of the fungus the root architecture of the host plant is profoundly modified. Interaction with hyphae stimulates lateral root (LR) formation, dichotomy of the root apical meristem in conifer species, and cytodifferentiation of root cells (radial elongation and root hair decay; Horan et al., 1988;Dexheimer and Pargney, 1991;. Even though several studies have focused on LR stimulation during ECM formation, it still remains unclear what the molecular mechanisms are that modify root development during contact with the fungus.In the ...

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“…The formation of branch roots from these axiles is typically based on branching frequencies, which can be expressed in time, space or both, where the missing information is computed on the basis of the growth rate of the parent root. Roots can branch from either phloem or xylem poles, depending on species (Casimiro et al ., 2003). The number of poles determines the number of positions of the radial branching angle, and the axial branching angle (angle between the parent root and branch) is given in the parameter section (for a detailed explanation, see Lynch et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

OpenSimRoot: widening the scope and application of root architectural models

et al. 2017

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Summary OpenSimRoot is an open‐source, functional–structural plant model and mathematical description of root growth and function. We describe OpenSimRoot and its functionality to broaden the benefits of root modeling to the plant science community.OpenSimRoot is an extended version of simroot, established to simulate root system architecture, nutrient acquisition and plant growth. OpenSimRoot has a plugin, modular infrastructure, coupling single plant and crop stands to soil nutrient and water transport models. It estimates the value of root traits for water and nutrient acquisition in environments and plant species.The flexible OpenSimRoot design allows upscaling from root anatomy to plant community to estimate the following: resource costs of developmental and anatomical traits; trait synergisms; and (interspecies) root competition. OpenSimRoot can model three‐dimensional images from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X‐ray computed tomography (CT) of roots in soil. New modules include: soil water‐dependent water uptake and xylem flow; tiller formation; evapotranspiration; simultaneous simulation of mobile solutes; mesh refinement; and root growth plasticity.OpenSimRoot integrates plant phenotypic data with environmental metadata to support experimental designs and to gain a mechanistic understanding at system scales.

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Dissecting Arabidopsis lateral root development

Cited by 609 publications

References 54 publications

SHORT-ROOT Regulates Primary, Lateral, and Adventitious Root Development in Arabidopsis

SHORT-ROOT Regulates Primary, Lateral, and Adventitious Root Development in Arabidopsis

The Ectomycorrhizal FungusLaccaria bicolorStimulates Lateral Root Formation in Poplar and Arabidopsis through Auxin Transport and Signaling

OpenSimRoot: widening the scope and application of root architectural models

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