Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm in a Horse

Shirai, Wataru; Momotani, Eiichi; Sato, Tsuneo; Kashima, Tomoaki; Saito, Takahiro; Itoi, Yuta

doi:10.1053/jcpa.1998.0280

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In horses, aortic aneurysm, which is dissection and rupture or fistula of the aorta into a cardiac chamber or vessel, also referred to as aortic root disease, has been reported more frequently. [8][9][10][11][12] Aortic root disease has been described more frequently in stallions and geldings.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissection of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus with Right Heart Failure in an Adult Dog

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A 3-year-old male, castrated, miniature pinscher weighing 9 kg was presented to the University of Zurich Veterinary Teaching Hospital Cardiology Service for evaluation of lethargy, a newly recognized cardiac murmur, and labored breathing. For the previous 3 days, the dog had been progressively reluctant to move and breathing had become labored. Before the current presentation, the dog had always been in excellent health.On admission, the dog was in sternal recumbency, profoundly lethargic, and showed expiratory dyspnea. Diffuse petechiation was visible on the skin and mucous membranes. Heart and pulse rate were 160 beats per minute and irregular, pulse quality was weak, and rectal temperature was 37.1uC (98.8uF). On auscultation, no respiratory or cardiac sounds were heard on the left side and muffled sounds were heard on the right side with a continuous heart murmur, grade 3/6. The jugular veins were distended and abdominal palpation disclosed hepatomegaly and ascites.Laboratory abnormalities on presentation included severe thrombocytopenia (11,000/mL; reference range, 130,000-394,000/mL), hypoproteinemia (43 g/L, reference range: 56-71 g/L), hypoalbuminemia (22 g/L, reference range: 29-37 g/L), hyponatremia (136 mmol/ L; reference range, 152-159 mmol/L), and hyperkalemia (5.4 mmol/L; reference range, 4.3-5.3 mmol/L). A coagulation profile was normal.An ECG indicated sinus tachycardia with single ventricular premature complexes and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia with a left bundle branch block pattern. The QRS complexes during sinus tachycardia were consistent with right ventricular enlargement and the ST segments were depressed in leads I, II, and aVF and increased in lead aVR.Thoracic radiographs revealed marked pleural effusion, moderate right heart enlargement, diminished pulmonary vasculature, engorged caudal vena cava, hepatomegaly, and ascites. Analysis of abdominal and pleural fluids indicated that they were modified transudates.On 2-dimensional and M-mode transthoracic echocardiography, a the right ventricle (RVDd, 2.45 cm) and right atrium (RA, 4 cm) appeared markedly dilated with flattening of the interventricular septum. The left ventricle was hypovolemic (LVDd, 1.4 cm). In the main pulmonary artery, a membranous structure that originated laterally slightly above the pulmonary valve annulus was bulging into the lumen (Fig 1a). An echodense structure suggestive of a thrombus at the site of the pulmonary artery bifurcation completely occluded the left pulmonary artery. Color Doppler echocardiography indicated moderate tricuspid insufficiency (TI), mild pulmonic insufficiency (PI), and continuous turbulent flow from the descending aorta to the main pulmonary artery through a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Furthermore, the systolic outflow signal above the pulmonary valve was only a narrow turbulent jet that passed medially to the described membrane. Behind the membrane, there was no systolic flow but only diastolic blood flow in the main pulmonary artery towards the pulmonary valve (Fig 1b). Sp...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissection of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus with Right Heart Failure in an Adult Dog

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Imaging: only four cases revealed an aneurysm of the right aortic sinus by echocardiography. The wall of the aneurysm was thin, and the aneurysm bulged into the right atrium and ventricle at the level of the tricuspid valve (SLEEPER et al, 2001). Color flow Doppler echocardiography did not reveal any blood flow across the aneurysm; however, swirling turbulent flow was evident within the aneurysm (SLEEPER et al, 2001).…”

Section: Clinical and Pathological Studymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Color flow Doppler echocardiography did not reveal any blood flow across the aneurysm; however, swirling turbulent flow was evident within the aneurysm (SLEEPER et al, 2001). A small jet of mitral regurgitation was detected with color flow Doppler echocardiography and was deemed to be clinically insignificant at the time of evaluation (SLEEPER et al, 2001). Necropsy: on necropsy, massive hemothorax from severe thoracic aortic aneurysm was observed with ruptured and fibrin in all cases.…”

Section: Clinical and Pathological Studymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The wall of the aneurysm was thin, and the aneurysm bulged into the right atrium and ventricle at the level of the tricuspid valve (SLEEPER et al, 2001). Color flow Doppler echocardiography did not reveal any blood flow across the aneurysm; however, swirling turbulent flow was evident within the aneurysm (SLEEPER et al, 2001). A small jet of mitral regurgitation was detected with color flow Doppler echocardiography and was deemed to be clinically insignificant at the time of evaluation (SLEEPER et al, 2001).…”

Section: Clinical and Pathological Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sudden death, aortic rupture in horses, literature review, case studies reported and risk factors

Briceño

Méndez

Brewer³

et al. 2015

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sudden deaths of horses in multiple equestrian disciplines have been attributed to acute and chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to perform a review of aortic rupture in horses analyzing , case studies and assessing risk factors. The literature has reported a total of 137 cases of aortic rupture in horses for 28 years , with approximately five horses dying of aortic rupture per year. Histopathologically, there are observed discrete macroscopic degenerative changes in the intima layer only in the aorta. The histological evaluation in the beginning portion of the aorta of the heart evidenced degenerative changes with loss of continuity and distribution of elastic fibers. Risk factors for the rupture of the aorta are: spontaneous rupture associated with hypertension, preexisting vascular injury (aneurysm), dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, copper levels in the endothelium, genetic factors such as inbreeding, toxicology or pharmacological factors. Aortic rupture shows similarity with pulmonary hemorrhage induced by exercise especially under the locomotors induced trauma theory of exercise that can induce pulmonary hemorrhage. In conclusion, degenerative changes to discrete elastic fiber of the intima of the aorta in the emergence of the heart seem to predispose the aorta wall rupture at the time of maximum blood pressure during exercise and the consequent collapse and athletic horse's death.Keywords: Aorta. Equine. Horse. Sudden dead. Thoroughbreds. ResumoAs mortes súbitas de cavalos em várias provas equestres têm sido atribuídas a doenças respiratórias e cardiovasculares agudas e crônicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi efetuar uma revisão de literatura da ruptura da aorta em cavalos analisando estudos de caso e estabelecendo os possíveis fatores de risco. Na revisão da literatura no período de 28 anos foram localizados 137 casos de ruptura da aorta em cavalos com aproximadamente cinco cavalos morrendo por essa causa por ano. Histologicamente, são observadas alterações macroscópicas discretas degenerativas na camada íntima da aorta. A avaliação histológica na porção inicial da aorta do coração evidencia alterações degenerativas com perda de continuidade e distribuição das fibras elásticas. Fatores de risco para a ruptura da aorta dos cavalos são: ruptura espontânea associada com hipertensão, lesão vascular pré-existente (aneurisma), cardiomiopatia dilatada ou hipertrófica, níveis de cobre no endotélio, fatores genéticos, tais como a consanguinidade na criação, toxicologia e aspectos farmacológicos. A ruptura aórtica mostra semelhança com hemorragia pulmonar induzida pelo exercício. Em conclusão, alterações degenerativas discretas das fibras elásticas da íntima da aorta parecem predispor a ruptura da parede da aorta, no momento da pressão máxima de sangue durante o exercício determinando o consequente colapso e morte do cavalo atleta.Palavras-chave: Aorta. Equino. Cavalo. Morte súbita. Thoroughbreds.

show abstract

“…Verursacht wird diese fokale Lumenerweiterung der Speiseröhre entweder durch eine Verwachsung zwischen Ösophagus und Trachea (Traktionsdivertikel), oder sie entsteht aufgrund von Druckerhöhung im Öso-phagus durch Ausstülpungen der Schleimhaut und Submukosa durch die Muskelschicht (Pulsionsdivertikel, Vrins et al 1983, Bezdekova 2012. Weiterhin muss ein Aneurysma der Aorta in Betracht gezogen werden, das primär keine klinischen Symptomen verursacht (van der Linde-Sipman et al 1985, Shirai et al 1999, Sleeper et al 2001 fig. 3a: the trachea and the main bronchial tubes were compressed of a opaque mass in the area of the aortic arch, fig.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Peritracheal intrathoracic granuloma in a Thoroughbred mare

Brünker¹,

Peters²,

Wohlsein³

et al. 2013

PHK

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Eine 7-jährige Vollblutstute wurde mit Husten und Dyspnoe unter Belastung vorgestellt. Eine Bronchoskopie ergab kranial der Bifurcatio tracheae eine dorsoventrale Kompression der Trachea. Die endoskopische Untersuchung des Ösophagus zeigte eine geringgradige Kompression von rechts dorsolateral. Röntgenologisch wurde eine gut umschriebene, röntgendichte Verschattung festgestellt, die teilweise die Aorta im Bereich des Arcus aortae überlagerte. Trotz zweiwöchiger antibiotischer Therapie verschlechterte sich der Zustand der Stute. Sie zeigte ein deutlich eingeschränktes Allgemeinbefinden mit Tachypnoe und hochgradiger Dyspnoe. Endoskopisch und röntgenologisch wurde eine fast vollständige Kompression der Trachea festgestellt. Die Stute wurde aufgrund der schlechten Prognose euthanasiert. Pathomorphologisch wurde dorsal der Bifurcatio tracheae eine 16 x 11 x 10 cm große, vom Lungengewebe gut abgegrenzte Umfangsvermehrung festgestellt, die sich pathohistologisch als chronische, granulomatöse Enzündung mit flächenhaften Nekrosen darstellte. Eine Fremdkörpe-raspiration, möglicherweise unter Beteiligung des aus dem Granulom isolierten Bakteriums Shewanella putrefaciens, könnte zur Entstehung geführt haben. Differentialdiagnostisch sind peritracheale Abszesse, eine apostematöse Lymphadenitis oder Pneumonie, primäre Lungentumoren, Lungenmetastasen, ein Ösophagusdivertikel oder ein Aneurysma der Aorta zu beachten.Schlüsselwörter: Pferd / Dyspnoe / Shewanella putrefaciens / intrathorakal / Granulom Peritracheal intrathoracic granuloma in a Thoroughbred mareA seven-year-old thoroughbred mare was presented because of coughing and dyspnoe during exercise. The general condition was normal. Rectal temperature, heart and respiratory rate were within physiological ranges. Conspicuous was a slight dyspnoe and an inspiratory tracheal breathing disorder extending the neck. Endoscopic examination revealed a dorsoventral compression of the trachea cranial to the bifurcation and a slight right dorsolateral compression of the oesophagus. The x-rays showed a well circumscribed, opaque mass in the area of the aortic arch. The trachea and the main bronchial tubes as well as the oesophagus were dorsally compressed. For further diagnostic positive contrast radiographs barium sulfate were taken. The mass that made the compression of the oesophagus didn't take up any barium sulphate itself. The non-ionic contrast medium iopromid was injected intravenously. The mass didn't show any radiographic uptake of the iopromid. The mare was sent home with a two weeks antibiotic treatment. The general condition progressively deteriorated, tachypnoe and severe dyspnoe appeared. Auscultation indicated inspiratory and expiratory tracheal breathing noises as well as tracheobronchial vesicular breathing noises at the right thorax. Endoscopy and radiographic examination revealed an almost total compression of the trachea. The mare was euthanized because of poor prognosis. Pathomorphologic examination showed a 16 x 11 x 10 cm mass dorsal of the bifurcatio trachea ...

show abstract

Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm in a Horse

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Dissection of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus with Right Heart Failure in an Adult Dog

Dissection of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus with Right Heart Failure in an Adult Dog

Sudden death, aortic rupture in horses, literature review, case studies reported and risk factors

Peritracheal intrathoracic granuloma in a Thoroughbred mare

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About