Disruptions to childhood immunisation due to the COVID-19 pandemic

Abbas, Kaja; Mogasale, Vittal

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01418-5

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…It has already been shown, that the pandemic has resulted in major reductions of incidence of other respiratory diseases due to various effects [ 66 ]. Moreover, it has been predicted that the pandemic will result in major disruptions of routine childhood vaccinations, which may cause an increase in vaccine-preventable infectious diseases in SSA [ 67 ]. Both malaria and COVID-19 affect disproportionally the low socio-economic classes [ 28 , 32 , 68 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public health-relevant consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on malaria in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review

Heuschen

Razum

et al. 2021

Malar J

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented challenges to health systems worldwide, including the control of non-COVID-19 diseases. Malaria cases and deaths may increase due to the direct and indirect effects of the pandemic in malaria-endemic countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This scoping review aims to summarize information on public health-relevant effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the malaria situation in SSA. Methods Review of publications and manuscripts on preprint servers, in peer-reviewed journals and in grey literature documents from 1 December, 2019 to 9 June, 2021. A structured search was conducted on different databases using predefined eligibility criteria for the selection of articles. Results A total of 51 papers have been included in the analysis. Modelling papers have predicted a significant increase in malaria cases and malaria deaths in SSA due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many papers provided potential explanations for expected COVID-19 effects on the malaria burden; these ranged from relevant diagnostical and clinical aspects to reduced access to health care services, impaired availability of curative and preventive commodities and medications, and effects on malaria prevention campaigns. Compared to previous years, fewer country reports provided data on the actual number of malaria cases and deaths in 2020, with mixed results. While highly endemic countries reported evidence of decreased malaria cases in health facilities, low endemic countries reported overall higher numbers of malaria cases and deaths in 2020. Conclusions The findings from this review provide evidence for a significant but diverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on malaria in SSA. There is the need to further investigate the public health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the malaria burden. Protocol registered on Open Science Framework: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/STQ9D

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public health-relevant consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on malaria in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review

Heuschen

Razum

et al. 2021

Malar J

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“…For example, health care service and routine immunizations programs were disrupted, and education was interrupted by school closures [ 28 ]. Causey et al estimated that 30.0 million children missed doses of DTP3 (third-dose diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine) and 27.2 million children missed doses of MCV1 (first-dose measles-containing vaccine) due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 globally [ 29 ]. In addition, the impact on the mental health of children and adolescents has increased, including anxiety, depression and disturbances in sleep and appetite [ 30 ].…”

Section: Epidemiological Burden Of Covid-19 In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in children and the importance of COVID-19 vaccination

Xue

Shen

2021

World J Pediatr

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“…The COVID-19 pandemic not only caused significant direct morbidity and mortality but has had a broader impact on child health. Existing disparities between high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) were exacerbated by disruption of public health infrastructures and delivery of important services such as childhood immunization [ 2 , 11 ]). By May 2020, GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance; WHO; and UNICEF warned that 80 million children were at risk for vaccine-preventable diseases from COVID-19 disruptions in childhood immunization programs [ 2 , 46 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Existing disparities between high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) were exacerbated by disruption of public health infrastructures and delivery of important services such as childhood immunization [ 2 , 11 ]). By May 2020, GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance; WHO; and UNICEF warned that 80 million children were at risk for vaccine-preventable diseases from COVID-19 disruptions in childhood immunization programs [ 2 , 46 ]. Not only has the development of pediatric COVID-19 treatments and vaccines lagged [ 2 ], the distribution of existing vaccines among adults in LMIC is far behind that in HIC, with only 7.7% of individuals in 50 of the least wealthy countries being totally vaccinated [ 55 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By May 2020, GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance; WHO; and UNICEF warned that 80 million children were at risk for vaccine-preventable diseases from COVID-19 disruptions in childhood immunization programs [ 2 , 46 ]. Not only has the development of pediatric COVID-19 treatments and vaccines lagged [ 2 ], the distribution of existing vaccines among adults in LMIC is far behind that in HIC, with only 7.7% of individuals in 50 of the least wealthy countries being totally vaccinated [ 55 ]. Certain contributing factors in LMIC, such as social determinants of health (SDoH) and vaccine hesitancy, further complicate vaccine disparities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 Impact on Disparity in Childhood Immunization in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Through the Lens of Historical Pandemics

et al. 2022

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Purpose of Review The COVID-19 pandemic, since 2020, has affected health care services and access globally. Although the entire impact of COVID-19 pandemic on existing global public health is yet to be fully seen, the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on global childhood immunization programs is of particular importance. Recent Findings Disruptions to service delivery due to lockdowns, challenges in vaccination programs, vaccine misinformation and hesitancy, and political and social economic inequalities all posed a threat to existing childhood immunization programs. These potential threats were especially critical in LMIC where childhood immunization programs tend to experience suboptimal implementation. Summary This review provides an overview of childhood immunizations and discusses past pandemics particularly in LMIC, factors contributing to disparities in childhood immunizations, and reviews potential lessons to be learned from past pandemics. Vaccine hesitancy, social determinants of health, and best practices to help lessen the pandemic’s influence are also further elaborated. To address current challenges that hindered the progress made in prevention of childhood illnesses through vaccination campaigns and increased vaccine availability, lessons learned through best practices explored from past pandemics must be examined to mitigate impact of COVID-19 on childhood immunization and in turn conserve health and improve economic well-being of children especially in LMIC.

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Disruptions to childhood immunisation due to the COVID-19 pandemic

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Public health-relevant consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on malaria in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review

Public health-relevant consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on malaria in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review

COVID-19 in children and the importance of COVID-19 vaccination

COVID-19 Impact on Disparity in Childhood Immunization in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Through the Lens of Historical Pandemics

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