Disruption of Weed Biological Control by an Opportunistic Mirid Predator

Hunt-Joshi, Tamaru R.; Root, Richard B.; Blossey, Bernd

doi:10.1890/04-1336

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The parasitoids of the arrowhead scale engage in IGP but also exhibit temporal partitioning in resource use, which also enables coexistence and complementary control Hirose 1994, Tuda et al 2006). Predation by an omnivorous bug disrupts control of the invasive purple loosestrife by leaf eating beetles, but the beetle's earlier emergence allows it to establish and inflict severe pest damage (Hunt-Joshi et al 2005). As these studies show, temporal refuges play an important role in both natural enemy coexistence and pest suppression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Trade-Offs, Temporal Variation, and Species Coexistence in Communities With Intraguild Predation

Amarasekare

2007

Ecology

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Intraguild predation/parasitism (IGP: competing species preying on or parasitizing each other) is widespread in nature, but the mechanisms by which intraguild prey and predators coexist remain elusive. Theory predicts that a trade-off between resource competition and IGP should allow local niche partitioning, but such trade-offs are expressed only at intermediate resource productivity and cannot explain observations of stable coexistence at high productivity. Coexistence must therefore involve additional mechanisms beside the trade-off, but very little is known about the operation of such mechanisms in nature. Here I present the first experimental test of multiple coexistence mechanisms in a natural community exhibiting IGP. The results suggest that, when resource productivity constrains the competition-IGP trade-off, a temporal refuge for the intraguild prey can not only promote coexistence, but also change species abundances to a pattern qualitatively different from that expected based on the trade-off or a refuge alone. This is the first empirical study to demonstrate a mechanism for why communities with IGP do not lose species diversity in highly productive environments. These results have implications for diversity maintenance in multi-trophic communities, and the use of multiple natural enemies in biological control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Trade-Offs, Temporal Variation, and Species Coexistence in Communities With Intraguild Predation

Amarasekare

2007

Ecology

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“…At these times, natural enemies can impact population dynamics of agents by acting as a drain on the agent’s local population, and thus limiting its population increase, and thereby affecting establishment or persistence. The specific circumstances of the system in question appear to affect the degree to which top‐down forces negatively impact biological control agents, and in turn, weed suppression (Hunt‐Joshi et al., 2005; Dávalos & Blossey, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retention of immunolabels by Diorhabda carinulata, a biological control agent of saltcedar

Williams¹,

Hagler²,

Tonkel³

2011

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Marking biological control agents facilitates studies of dispersal and predation. This study examines the feasibility of marking the various life stages of a weed biological control agent, Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), by submersion in rabbit or chicken immunoglobulin G (IgG) protein solutions. We determined whether externally applied IgGs are effective labels of the various lifestages, whether IgGs can be retained between D. carinulata lifestages, and to what extent abiotic factors associated with field conditions mediate label retention. The presence of the labels on the various lifestages of the beetles was detected by IgG‐specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Duration of each immunolabel was measured on eggs and larvae in laboratory studies and on adults in laboratory and field studies. For adults, both labels showed high (>80%) retention for ca. 14 days after marking under field and laboratory conditions. Temperature and type of label (rabbit or chicken) had only a minimal effect on marker retention. Externally marked eggs exhibited high (100%) retention for both proteins over the entire duration of the egg stage. Interestingly, some larvae emerging from externally labeled eggs contained both external and internal IgG marks. To our knowledge, this is the first case of an IgG being transferred from the egg to larva of an insect. Age of eggs at the time of label application affected the intensity of the external label on neonates. For instance, larvae that emerged from eggs that were >1 day old when labeled exhibited stronger label retention than larvae that emerged from eggs that were 1 day old when labeled. For larvae, retention of rabbit IgG was greater than retention of chicken IgG. Label retention declined as larvae aged; larvae >3 days old retained significantly less label than did neonate larvae. Both IgG labels were retained from the first to second instar, but at a very low rate of <10%. Overall, our study demonstrates that protein‐marking technology has potential for use in studies of dispersal and predator–prey associations for D. carinulata.

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“…Biotic gradients should also be considered if possible, including the local abundance of the host (see component 2) and the diversity and abundance of co-occurring native plant species and other exotic plant species (see component 5; Goeden and Louda 1976;Pratt et al 2003;Hunt-Joshi et al 2005). The key is to try to identify or quantify the factors that are likely to correlate with or cause variation in the impact of the biocontrol agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the post-release efficacy of invasive plant biocontrol by insects: a comprehensive approach

Carson

Hovick

Baumert

et al. 2008

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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We propose a comprehensive program to evaluate the post-release phase of biocontrol programs that use insect herbivores to control invasive plant species. We argue that any release should be done in randomized release and non-release sites and should be followed up by well-replicated sampling and experimental protocols that evaluate the degree of success or failure. These follow-up studies should include landscape scale monitoring across relevant habitat gradients of (1) the abundance of the biocontrol agent, (2) the impact of the biocontrol agent on the target plant species, (3) the potential for non-target effects, and (4) the response of native species and communities to a reduction in the invasive species. We also argue that (5) experimental reductions of the biocontrol agent are required to eliminate the chance that the putative impact of the biocontrol agent is not confounded with other causes. Finally, we describe six scenarios, informed largely by a community ecology perspective, in which a biocontrol agent may decrease the abundance or vigor of the target plant species but not lead to successful control where native communities re-establish. We classify these failure scenarios as either direct or indirect effects of the invasive plant species: Native Source Limitation, Static Competitive Hierarchies, Novel Weapons, Trophic Shifts, Invasive Engineering and Associated Invasives. Overall, we argue that well replicated and landscape-scale post release monitoring programs are required not only to evaluate critically the degree of success and failure of biocontrol programs worldwide but also to provide insights into improving future biocontrol efforts.

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Disruption of Weed Biological Control by an Opportunistic Mirid Predator

Cited by 28 publications

References 49 publications

Trade-Offs, Temporal Variation, and Species Coexistence in Communities With Intraguild Predation

Trade-Offs, Temporal Variation, and Species Coexistence in Communities With Intraguild Predation

Retention of immunolabels by Diorhabda carinulata, a biological control agent of saltcedar

Evaluating the post-release efficacy of invasive plant biocontrol by insects: a comprehensive approach

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