Disruption of peritrophic matrix chitin metabolism and gut immune by chlorantraniliprole results in pathogenic bacterial infection in Bombyx mori

Zhu, Qingyu; Li, Fanchi; Shu, Qilong; Feng, Piao; Wang, Yuanfei; Dai, Minli; Mao, Tingting; Sun, Hongjuan; Wei, Jing; Li, Bing

doi:10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105430

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…To obtain the bacteria on the surface of B. mori, three silkworm larvae were rinsed with 1000 μL of ddH 2 O, and ddH 2 O was collected and centrifuged at 4500 Â g for 5 min. The supernatants were removed, and then, the bacterial precipitates were resuspended with 500 μL of ddH 2 O and cultured on LB agar plates at 37 C overnight (Luo et al, 2021;Zhu et al, 2023). To collect the bacteria of E. sorbillans eggs, the larval silkworms were surface-sterilised with 75% ethanol and kept in the fly cage to receive the freshly laid eggs.…”

Section: Detection Of Haemolymph Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To collect the bacteria of E. sorbillans eggs, the larval silkworms were surface-sterilised with 75% ethanol and kept in the fly cage to receive the freshly laid eggs. The eggs were collected, surface-sterilised with 75% ethanol, washed with ddH 2 O, homogenised with 500 μL ddH 2 O, plated onto LB agar plates and incubated at 37 C overnight (Luo et al, 2021;Zhu et al, 2023). The…”

Section: Detection Of Haemolymph Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each sample was diluted 100-fold with double-distilled H 2 O (ddH 2 O). Subsequently, 40 μL of each dilution was spread onto LB agar plates and then incubated at 37 C overnight (Zhu et al, 2023). The number of bacteria on each plate was recorded, and the colony-forming unit (CFU) method was used to determine the total number of haemolymph bacteria.…”

Section: Detection Of Haemolymph Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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A parasitoid regulates 20E synthesis and antibacterial activity of the host for development by inducing host nitric oxide production

Dai,

Jiang,

et al. 2024

Insect Molecular Biology

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Parasitoids are important components of the natural enemy guild in the biological control of insect pests. They depend on host resources to complete the development of a specific stage or whole life cycle and thus have evolved towards optimal host exploitation strategies. In the present study, we report a specific survival strategy of a fly parasitoid Exorista sorbillans (Diptera: Tachinidae), which is a potential biological control agent for agricultural pests and a pest in sericulture. We found that the expression levels of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) production in host Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) were increased after E. sorbillans infection. Reducing NOS expression and NO production with an NOS inhibitor (NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester hydrochloride) in infected B. mori significantly impeded the growth of E. sorbillans larvae. Moreover, the biosynthesis of 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) in infected hosts was elevated with increasing NO production, and inhibiting NOS expression lowered 20E biosynthesis. More importantly, induced NO synthesis was required to eliminate intracellular bacterial pathogens that presumably competed for shared host resources. Inhibiting NOS expression down‐regulated the transcription of antimicrobial peptide genes and increased the number of bacteria in parasitized hosts. Collectively, this study revealed a new perspective on the role of NO in host–parasitoid interactions and a novel mechanism for parasitoid regulation of host physiology to support its development.

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Section: Detection Of Haemolymph Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detection Of Haemolymph Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detection Of Haemolymph Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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A parasitoid regulates 20E synthesis and antibacterial activity of the host for development by inducing host nitric oxide production

Dai,

Jiang,

et al. 2024

Insect Molecular Biology

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“…Each sample was diluted 100-fold in double distilled H 2 O (ddH 2 O). Subsequently, 40 μL of each dilution was spread onto LB agar plates and then incubated at 37 °C overnight [60]. The number of bacteria on each plate was recorded and the colonyforming unit (CFU) method was used to determine the total number of hemolymph bacteria.…”

Section: Detection Of Hemolymph Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To obtain the bacteria on the surface of B. mori, 1 mL ddH 2 O was used to wash the silkworms, followed by centrifuged at 4,500 × g for 5 min. The supernatants were removed, then the bacterial precipitates were resuspended with 500 μL ddH 2 O and cultured on LB agar plates at 37 °C overnight [60,61]. In order to collect the bacteria of E. sorbillans eggs, the silkworm was surface-sterilized with 75% ethanol and deposited in the fly cage to receive the freshly laid eggs.…”

Section: Detection Of Hemolymph Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

A dipteran parasite regulates 20E synthesis and antibacterial activity of the host for development through inducing host nitric oxide production

Dai,

Jiang,

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Parasites primarily rely on the host to survive, and have evolved diverse survival strategies. In the present study, we report a specific survival strategy of a dipteran parasiteExorista sorbillans(Diptera: Tachinidae), which is a potential biological control agent for agricultural pests and a pest in sericulture. We found that the expression levels of host nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) production were increased afterE. sorbillansinfection. Reducing NOS expression and NO production with a NOS inhibitor (L-NAME) in infected hosts significantly impeded the growth ofE. sorbillanslarvae. Moreover, the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) biosynthesis of infected hosts was elevated with increasing NO production, and inhibiting NOS expression also lowered 20E biosynthesis. More importantly, induced NO synthesis was required to eliminate intracellular bacterial pathogens that presumably competed for shared host resources. Inhibiting NOS expression down-regulated the transcription of antimicrobial peptide genes and increased the number of bacteria in infected hosts. Collectively, this study revealed a new perspective on the role of NO in host-parasite interactions and a novel mechanism for parasite regulation of host to support its development.Author summaryParasites are ubiquitous on earth and diverse, and have evolved various strategies to match their own specific requirements for survival within the host. In this study, we found thatExorista sorbillans, an endoparasite of many agricultural pests and the main insect pest in sericulture, used a novel strategy to manipulate its host NO synthesis for survival within its hostBombyx mori. Specifically, NOS expression and the production of NO in the host were up-regulated byE. sorbillansinfection, which benefited larvalE. sorbillansdevelopment. Meanwhile, increased NO production in host activated 20E synthesis of parasitized hosts and triggered the expression of AMPs against the invasion of pathogenic bacteria to avoid nutritional competence in the host. Our study provides innovative insights into the mechanisms by which a parasite manipulates host NO production for development and may help to expand our knowledge of other parasitic systems.

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First report of white muscle disease caused by Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae in Kuruma shrimp (Penaeus japonicus)

Alolod,

Matsumoto,

Koiwai

et al. 2024

Aquaculture

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Disruption of peritrophic matrix chitin metabolism and gut immune by chlorantraniliprole results in pathogenic bacterial infection in Bombyx mori

Cited by 9 publications

References 64 publications

A parasitoid regulates 20E synthesis and antibacterial activity of the host for development by inducing host nitric oxide production

A parasitoid regulates 20E synthesis and antibacterial activity of the host for development by inducing host nitric oxide production

A dipteran parasite regulates 20E synthesis and antibacterial activity of the host for development through inducing host nitric oxide production

First report of white muscle disease caused by Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae in Kuruma shrimp (Penaeus japonicus)

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