Disruption of Membrane Integrity by the Bacterium-Derived Antifungal Jagaricin

Fischer, Daniel; Geßner, Guido; Fill, Taícia Pacheco; Barnett, Robert; Tron, Kyrylo; Dornblut, Katharina; Kloß, Florian; Stallforth, Pierre; Hube, Bernhard; Heinemann, Stefan H.; Hertweck, Christian; Scherlach, Kirstin; Brunke, Sascha

doi:10.1128/aac.00707-19

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…In another study published in 2019, the lipopeptide jagaricin produced by a bacterial fungal pathogen showed fungicidal effects against human pathogenic fungi by disrupting membrane integrity. They also found that deletions in the ERG5 and ERG6 genes did not affect the susceptibility of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata to jagaricin ( Fischer et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Natural Products With Antifungal Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Compounds With Antimicrobial and Antiviral Effect and Nanocarriers Used for Their Transportation

Stan

Enciu

Mateescu³

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Due to the increasing prevalence of life-threatening bacterial, fungal and viral infections and the ability of these human pathogens to develop resistance to current treatment strategies, there is a great need to find and develop new compunds to combat them. These molecules must have low toxicity, specific activity and high bioavailability. The most suitable compounds for this task are usually derived from natural sources (animal, plant or even microbial). In this review article, the latest and most promising natural compounds used to combat bacteria, filamentous fungi and viruses are presented and evaluated. These include plant extracts, essential oils, small antimicrobial peptides of animal origin, bacteriocins and various groups of plant compounds (triterpenoids; alkaloids; phenols; flavonoids) with antimicrobial and antiviral activity. Data are presented on the inhibitory activity of each natural antimicrobial substance and on the putative mechanism of action against bacterial and fungal strains. The results show that among the bioactive compounds studied, triterpenoids have significant inhibitory activity against coronaviruses, but flavonoids have also been shown to inhibit SARS-COV-2. The last chapter is devoted to nanocarriers used to improve stability, bioavailability, cellular uptake/internalization, pharmacokinetic profile and reduce toxicity of natural compunds. There are a number of nanocarriers such as liposomes, drug delivery microemulsion systems, nanocapsules, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, etc. However, some of the recent studies have focused on the incorporation of natural substances with antimicrobial/antiviral activity into polymeric nanoparticles, niosomes and silver nanoparticles (which have been shown to have intrinsic antimicrobial activity). The natural antimicrobials isolated from animals and microorganisms have been shown to have good inhibitory effect on a range of pathogens, however the plants remain the most prolific source. Even if the majority of the studies for the biological activity evaluation are in silico or in vitro, their internalization in the optimum nanocarriers represents the future of “green therapeutics” as shown by some of the recent work in the field.

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Section: Natural Products With Antifungal Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Compounds With Antimicrobial and Antiviral Effect and Nanocarriers Used for Their Transportation

Stan

Enciu

Mateescu³

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…The B. thuringiensis isolates from both principal and alternate sympatric hosts are broadly aggressive to potential saprophytic invaders, including fungi and nematodes. One possible factor is their hemolytic ability [42][43] . In comparison with non-hemolytic Bacillus, hemolytic B. thuringiensis isolates displayed higher fatal effects to free-living nematodes and growth inhibition of co-cultured entomopathogenic fungi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacteria from the inside of the ant host were released by homogenizing the ant host in 200 μL water and culturing on LB agar plates at 28°C for two days. Approximately 45 (43)(44)(45)(46) isolates were randomly picked from each plate with sterile toothpicks, and were suspended in the LB medium supplemented with 15% v/v glycerol and maintained at -80°C until the time of examination. In total, 247 bacterial isolates from P. moesta and 241 bacterial isolates from P. wol were collected.…”

Section: Isolation and Cultivation Of Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus Thuringiensis Predominated in the Zombie Fungus Ophiocordyceps Unilateralis S. L.-Infected Ant Cadavers and Investigation of its Biological Properties

Chiu

Lin

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Animal hosts infected and killed by parasitoid fungi become a nutrient-rich cadaver for saprophytes. Bacteria adapted to colonization of parasitoid fungi can be selected and can predominate in the cadaver, actions that consequently impact the fitness of the parasitoid fungi. In Taiwan, the zombie fungus, Ophiocordyceps unilateralis sensu lato (Clavicipitaceae: Hypocreales), was found to parasitize eight ant species, with preference for a principal host, Polyrhachis moesta. In this study, ant cadavers grew a fungal stroma that was predominated by Bacillus thuringiensis. The bacterial diversity in the principal ant host was found to be lower than the bacterial diversity in alternative hosts, a situation that might enhance the impact of B. thuringiensis on the sympatric fungus. The B. thuringiensis isolates from fungal stroma displayed higher resistance to a specific naphthoquinone (plumbagin) than B. thuringiensis from the environment. Naphthoquinones are known to be produced by O. unilateralis s. l., and hence the resistance displayed by B. thuringiensis isolates to these compounds suggests an advantage to B. thuringiensis to grow in the ant cadaver. Bacteria proliferating in the ant cadaver inevitably compete for resources with the fungus. However, the B. thuringiensis isolates displayed in vitro capabilities of hemolysis, production of hydrolytic enzymes, and antagonistic effects to co-cultured nematodes and entomopathogenic fungi. Thus, co-infection with B. thuringiensis offers potential benefits to the zombie fungus in killing the host under favorable conditions for reproduction, digesting the host tissue, and protecting the cadaver from being taken over by other consumers. With these potential benefits, B. thuringiensis is not entirely a competitor but could also be a synergist in O. unilateralis s. l. infections under certain conditions.

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“…al cultured the bacterium quasi-naturally on mushroom slices, and thereby induced the expression of the cryptic gene cluster that allowed production of jagaracin, which in turn was detected by imaging mass spectrometry [99] . Notably, jagaricin exhibited a broad spectrum of activity against plant fungal pathogens, making it a promising starting point for a compound that may be useful in agriculture [100] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncharted territories in the discovery of antifungal and antivirulence natural products from bacteria

Vij

Hube

Brunke

2021

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal

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Many fungi can cause deadly diseases in humans, and nearly every human will suffer from some kind of fungal infection in their lives. Only few antifungals are available, and some of these fail to treat intrinsically resistant species and the ever-increasing number of fungal strains that have acquired resistance. In nature, bacteria and fungi display versatile interactions that range from friendly co-existence to predation. The first antifungal drugs, nystatin and amphotericin B, were discovered in bacteria as mediators of such interactions, and bacteria continue to be an important source of antifungals. To learn more about the ecological bacterial-fungal interactions that drive the evolution of natural products and exploit them, we need to identify environments where such interactions are pronounced, and diverse. Here, we systematically analyze historic and recent developments in this field to identify potentially under-investigated niches and resources. We also discuss alternative strategies to treat fungal infections by utilizing the antagonistic potential of bacteria to target fungal stress pathways and virulence factors, and thereby suppress the evolution of antifungal resistance.

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Disruption of Membrane Integrity by the Bacterium-Derived Antifungal Jagaricin

Cited by 17 publications

References 74 publications

Natural Compounds With Antimicrobial and Antiviral Effect and Nanocarriers Used for Their Transportation

Natural Compounds With Antimicrobial and Antiviral Effect and Nanocarriers Used for Their Transportation

Bacillus Thuringiensis Predominated in the Zombie Fungus Ophiocordyceps Unilateralis S. L.-Infected Ant Cadavers and Investigation of its Biological Properties

Uncharted territories in the discovery of antifungal and antivirulence natural products from bacteria

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