Disruption of Botrytis cinerea class I chitin synthase gene Bcchs1 results in cell wall weakening and reduced virulence

Soulié, Marie-Christine; Piffeteau, Annie; Choquer, Mathias; Boccara, Martine; Vidal-Cros, Anne

doi:10.1016/s1087-1845(03)00065-3

Cited by 72 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…We cannot exclude the possibility that this effect is due to the impaired cell wall integrity of Bccrz1 mutants, since bmp3 mutants (loss of cell wall integrity MAP kinase) were also defective in mycelium-derived infection (data not shown), while spores were still able to infect the plant (54). Moreover, B. cinerea chitin synthase (Bcchs1 or Bcchs3a) mutants exhibiting reduced chitin contents in their cell walls were also shown to be affected in virulence (66,67). The fact that Mg 2ϩ supplementation improved the cell wall stability and penetration rates of Bccrz1 mutants indicates the importance of intact cell walls for normal infection efficiencies.…”

Section: Bccrz1 Acts As a Downstream Target Of (Yeast) Calcineurinmentioning

confidence: 96%

Calcineurin-Responsive Zinc Finger Transcription Factor CRZ1 of Botrytis cinerea Is Required for Growth, Development, and Full Virulence on Bean Plants

2008

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Recently, we showed that the ␣ subunit BCG1 of a heterotrimeric G protein is an upstream activator of the Ca 2؉ /calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin in the gray mold fungus Botrytis cinerea. To identify the transcription factor acting downstream of BCG1 and calcineurin, we cloned the gene encoding the B. cinerea homologue of CRZ1 ("CRaZy," calcineurin-responsive zinc finger transcription factor), the mediator of calcineurin function in yeast. BcCRZ1 is able to partially complement the corresponding Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant, and the subcellular localization of the green fluorescent protein-BcCRZ1 fusion product in yeast cells depends on the calcium level and calcineurin activity. Bccrz1 deletion mutants are not able to grow on minimal media and grow slowly on media containing plant extracts. Hyphal morphology, conidiation, and sclerotium formation are impaired. The cell wall and membrane integrity, stress response (extreme pH, H 2 O 2 , Ca 2؉ , Li ؉ ), and ability of the hyphae to penetrate the intact plant surface are affected in the mutants. However, BcCRZ1 is almost dispensable for the conidium-derived infection of bean plants. The addition of Mg 2؉ restores the growth rate, conidiation, and penetration and improves the cell wall integrity but has no impact on sclerotium formation or hypersensitivity to Ca 2؉ and H 2 O 2 . The expression of a set of recently identified BCG1-and calcineurin-dependent genes is also affected in ⌬Bccrz1 mutants, confirming that this transcription factor acts downstream of calcineurin in B. cinerea. Since the Bccrz1 mutants still respond to calcineurin inhibitors, we conclude that BcCRZ1 is not the only target of calcineurin.

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Section: Bccrz1 Acts As a Downstream Target Of (Yeast) Calcineurinmentioning

confidence: 96%

Calcineurin-Responsive Zinc Finger Transcription Factor CRZ1 of Botrytis cinerea Is Required for Growth, Development, and Full Virulence on Bean Plants

2008

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“…Chitin is thus widely distributed and is the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature after cellulose, with at least 10 gigatons synthesized and degraded each year in the biosphere. However, it is absent from vertebrates and higher plants and therefore represents a target for the development of antimicrobial compounds aimed at controlling human or crop diseases caused by fungi (53,55,75).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Wall Chitosaccharides Are Essential Components and Exposed Patterns of the Phytopathogenic OomyceteAphanomyces euteiches

et al. 2008

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Chitin is an essential component of fungal cell walls, where it forms a crystalline scaffold, and chitooligosaccharides derived from it are signaling molecules recognized by the hosts of pathogenic fungi. Oomycetes are cellulosic fungus-like microorganisms which most often lack chitin in their cell walls. Here we present the first study of the cell wall of the oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches, a major parasite of legume plants. Biochemical analyses demonstrated the presence of ca. 10% N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) in the cell wall. Further characterization of the GlcNAc-containing material revealed that it corresponds to noncrystalline chitosaccharides associated with glucans, rather than to chitin per se. Two putative chitin synthase (CHS) genes were identified by data mining of an A. euteiches expressed sequence tag collection and Southern blot analysis, and full-length cDNA sequences of both genes were obtained. Phylogeny analysis indicated that oomycete CHS diversification occurred before the divergence of the major oomycete lineages. Remarkably, lectin labeling showed that the Aphanomyces euteiches chitosaccharides are exposed at the cell wall surface, and study of the effect of the CHS inhibitor nikkomycin Z demonstrated that they are involved in cell wall function. These data open new perspectives for the development of antioomycete drugs and further studies of the molecular mechanisms involved in the recognition of pathogenic oomycetes by the host plants.

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“…Mycelia were grown and ground as previously described (Souli e et al, 2003). After two centrifugation steps (1000 g, 10 min, 4°C), the resulting supernatant was again centrifuged (12 000 g, 10 min, 4°C).…”

Section: Glx Activity Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

An antibody that confers plant disease resistance targets a membrane‐bound glyoxal oxidase in Fusarium

Song

Xing

et al. 2015

New Phytologist

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Plant germplasm resources with natural resistance against globally important toxigenic Fusarium are inadequate. CWP2, a Fusarium genus-specific antibody, confers durable resistance to different Fusarium pathogens that infect cereals and other crops, producing mycotoxins. However, the nature of the CWP2 target is not known. Thus, investigation of the gene coding for the CWP2 antibody target will likely provide critical insights into the mechanism underlying the resistance mediated by this disease-resistance antibody. Immunoblots and mass spectrometry analysis of two-dimensional electrophoresis gels containing cell wall proteins from Fusarium graminearum (Fg) revealed that a glyoxal oxidase (GLX) is the CWP2 antigen. Cellular localization studies showed that GLX is localized to the plasma membrane. This GLX efficiently catalyzes hydrogen peroxide production; this enzymatic activity was specifically inhibited by the CWP2 antibody. GLX-deletion strains of Fg, F. verticillioides (Fv) and F. oxysporum had significantly reduced virulence on plants. The GLX-deletion Fg and Fv strains had markedly reduced mycotoxin accumulation, and the expression of key genes in mycotoxin metabolism was downregulated. This study reveals a single gene-encoded and highly conserved cellular surface antigen that is specifically recognized by the disease-resistance antibody CWP2 and regulates both virulence and mycotoxin biosynthesis in Fusarium species.

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Disruption of Botrytis cinerea class I chitin synthase gene Bcchs1 results in cell wall weakening and reduced virulence

Cited by 72 publications

References 36 publications

Calcineurin-Responsive Zinc Finger Transcription Factor CRZ1 of Botrytis cinerea Is Required for Growth, Development, and Full Virulence on Bean Plants

Calcineurin-Responsive Zinc Finger Transcription Factor CRZ1 of Botrytis cinerea Is Required for Growth, Development, and Full Virulence on Bean Plants

Cell Wall Chitosaccharides Are Essential Components and Exposed Patterns of the Phytopathogenic OomyceteAphanomyces euteiches

An antibody that confers plant disease resistance targets a membrane‐bound glyoxal oxidase in Fusarium

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