Disruption of a putative working memory task and selective expression of brain c-fos following microwave-induced hyperthermia

Mickley, G. Andrew; Cobb, Brenda L.; Mason, Patrick A.; Farrell, S. T.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(94)90384-0

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Moreover, microwave exposure did not result in any measurable elevation of the protein products of immediate-early genes or of heat shock or glial marker proteins [Fritze et al, 1997a]. This observation is in agreement with other studies investigating exposure to continuous or pulsed 600 MHz or 1.6 GHz or ultrawideband (0.25-2.5 GHz) microwaves in rats and mice showing that elevated expression of c-Fos protein is only observed at exposure intensities producing hyperthermia [Mickley et al, 1994;Morrissey et al, 1999], but not at lower powers producing no temperature changes [Walters et al, 1995;Morrissey et al, 1999]. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that acute exposure of rats to continuous or pulsed microwaves in the nonthermal range does not lead to any relevant activation of immediate-early and heat shock genes.…”

Section: Effects On Gene Responses and Dna Damage Effects On Gene Ressupporting

confidence: 93%

Effects of electromagnetic radiation of mobile phones on the central nervous system

Hossmann

Hermann

2002

Bioelectromagnetics

237

117

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With the increasing use of mobile communication, concerns have been expressed about the possible interactions of electromagnetic radiation with the human organism and, in particular, the brain. The effects on neuronal electrical activity, energy metabolism, genomic responses, neurotransmitter balance, blood-brain barrier permeability, cognitive function, sleep, and various brain diseases including brain tumors are reviewed. Most of the reported effects are small as long as the radiation intensity remains in the nonthermal range, and none of the research reviewed gives an indication of the mechanisms involved at this range. However, health risks may evolve from indirect consequences of mobile telephony, such as the sharply increased incidence rate of traffic accidents caused by telephony during driving, and possibly also by stress reactions which annoyed bystanders may experience when cellular phones are used in public places. These indirect health effects presumably outweigh the direct biological perturbations and should be investigated in more detail in the future.

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Section: Effects On Gene Responses and Dna Damage Effects On Gene Ressupporting

confidence: 93%

Effects of electromagnetic radiation of mobile phones on the central nervous system

Hossmann

Hermann

2002

Bioelectromagnetics

237

117

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“…Alteration of behaviors that suggest changes in cognitive performance, both learning and memory, have also been reported for exposures that result in overt heating of the animal subject [Nelson, 1978;Luttges, 1980;Beel, 1983;Mickley et al, 1994]. The human studies utilize partial body exposures at low power densities and cannot be easily explained by overt heating of the body.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Behavioral and cognitive effects of microwave exposure

D'Andrea

Adair

Lorge³

2003

Bioelectromagnetics

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This paper presents an overview of the recent behavioral literature concerning microwave exposure and discusses behavioral effects that have supported past exposure standards. Other effects, which are based on lower levels of exposure, are discussed as well, relative to setting exposure standards. The paper begins with a brief discussion of the ways in which behavioral end points are investigated in the laboratory, together with some of the methodological considerations pertinent to such studies when radio frequency (RF) exposure is involved. It has been pointed out by several sources that exposure to RF radiation can lead to changes in the behavior of humans and laboratory animals that can range from the perceptions of warmth and sound to lethal body temperatures. Behavior of laboratory animals can be perturbed and, under certain other conditions, animals will escape and subsequently avoid RF fields; but they will also work to obtain a burst of RF energy when they are cold. Reports of change of cognitive function (memory and learning) in humans and laboratory animals are in the scientific literature. Mostly, these are thermally mediated effects, but other low level effects are not so easily explained by thermal mechanisms. The phenomenon of behavioral disruption by microwave exposure, an operationally defined rate decrease (or rate increase), has served as the basis for human exposure guidelines since the early 1980s and still appears to be a very sensitive RF bioeffect. Nearly all evidence relates this phenomenon to the generation of heat in the tissues and reinforces the conclusion that behavioral changes observed in RF exposed animals are thermally mediated. Such behavioral alteration has been demonstrated in a variety of animal species and under several different conditions of RF exposure. Thermally based effects can clearly be hazardous to the organism and continue to be the best predictor of hazard for homosapiens. Nevertheless, similar research with man has not been conducted. Although some studies on human perception of RF exist, these should be expandedto include a variety of RF parameters.

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“…Table 1 lists average absorbed power values and SARs in the rats irradiated in the main study, as calculated using Equation (1). All the SARs are well below the threshold of 5 mW/g above which absorbed radiation is likely to result in thermal effects [19,20]. Note the great similarity between the SAR patterns of the two experimental groups; the difference between the effects of radiation on picrotoxin-treated and untreated rats (see below) cannot be attributed to differences in power absorption.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Set-Up for Measurement of the Power Absorbed From 900 MHZ GSM Standing Waves by Small Animals, Illustrated by Application to Picrotoxin-Treated Rats

López-Martín¹,

Bregáins²,

Jorge-Barreiro³

et al. 2008

PIER

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Abstract-We describe an experimental set-up for exposure of small animals to radiofrequency standing waves that allows direct measurement of the power absorbed by the animal. Essentially, the setup consists of a metallic box containing an antenna and experimental animal immobilized in a methacrylate holder; a signal generator feeding the antenna; and a power meter. In addition, the box can also contain a video camera to record the animal's behaviour, and a receiving antenna (connected externally to a power meter and a spectrum analyser) to detect undesired (external) radiation and possible harmonics of the radiating system. The absorbed power measurement trivially allows calculation of whole-body mean SAR from the animal's weight; and assuming local SARs to be proportional to whole-body mean SAR, the latter can be used to adjust organ-specific SAR predictions obtained by simulation using a commercial FDTD program with a numerical phantom. The use of the system is illustrated by application to rats given subconvulsive doses of picrotoxin to induce a seizure-prone state analogous to epilepsy: levels of the neuronal activity marker c-Fos in the frontal and piriform cortex of picrotoxin-treated rats exposed to 900 MHz GSM radiation were twice as high as those of unexposed animals.

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Disruption of a putative working memory task and selective expression of brain c-fos following microwave-induced hyperthermia

Cited by 38 publications

References 38 publications

Effects of electromagnetic radiation of mobile phones on the central nervous system

Effects of electromagnetic radiation of mobile phones on the central nervous system

Behavioral and cognitive effects of microwave exposure

An Experimental Set-Up for Measurement of the Power Absorbed From 900 MHZ GSM Standing Waves by Small Animals, Illustrated by Application to Picrotoxin-Treated Rats

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