Disruption in an alluvial landscape: Settlement and environment dynamics on the alluvium of the river Dyje at the Pohansko archaeological site (Czech Republic)

Petřík, Jan; Petr, Libor; Adameková, Katarína; Prišťáková, Michaela; Potůčková, Anna; Lenďáková, Zuzana; Frączek, Marcin; Dresler, Petr; Macháček, Jı̆rı́; Kalicki, Tomasz; Lisá, Lenka

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2018.04.013

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Na lokalitě Pohansko u Břeclavi byly půdy a sedimenty v nivě hodnoceny v několika profilech (např. Macháček et al 2007;Petřík et al 2018;2019;Nehyba et al 2018;2020). Známky lidské aktivity byly v zájmovém prostoru zachyceny od doby železné (7., resp.…”

Section: Diskuze a Závěrunclassified

Půdní vývoj v nivě řeky Dyje v předpolí hradby hradiska Pohansko u Břeclavi

Adameková¹,

Petřík²,

Dlapa³

et al. 2022

Geologické výzkumy

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This work provides comprehensive information on soil development on the floodplain of the river Thaya in the area of the foreland of the Early Mediaeval agglomeration of Pohansko near Břeclav. We evaluated the basic properties of late Holocene soils and their genesis, assessed the influence of humans and identified particular soil-forming processes based on a combination of selected physical (grain-size distribution, magnetic susceptibility), chemical (Fe, Mn, P, Ca, soil pH) and biochemical analyses (total organic carbon and soil organic matter) as well as micromorphological observations. Our research revealed three autochthonous soils: two buried soils and one recent soil. All the soils were identified as Gleyic Fluvisols developed from overbank deposits and affected by intensive oxidation-reduction processes. The A horizons of the soils evolved by the formation and accumulation of humus. The upper buried Fluvisol certainly evolved during the 9th and 10th centuries (presence of Great Moravian sherds). However, its pedogenesis possibly started much earlier and ended later. Despite the presence of macroscopic evidence of human activities in this soil, there is no evidence of any anthropic influence on soil formation processes. The basal buried Fluvisol developed even before the Great Moravian settlement. Nevertheless, due to a lack of dating, the exact age of this soil cannot be determined at this stage of our study. Future research focused on dating will advance our understanding of the Holocene dynamic and development of the palaeoenvironment.

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Section: Diskuze a Závěrunclassified

Půdní vývoj v nivě řeky Dyje v předpolí hradby hradiska Pohansko u Břeclavi

Adameková¹,

Petřík²,

Dlapa³

et al. 2022

Geologické výzkumy

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“…Paralelně probíhající geologické výzkumy v povodí Moravy ovšem ukazují, že představy o zanášení údolní nivy, změnách vodního režimu a klimatických změnách není možné jednoduše spojovat. Vývoj údolní nivy je zřejmě specifický pro každé sledované území, bez kvalitně provedeného a zejména datovaného výzkumu tedy nelze vývoj údolní nivy a přírodního prostředí rekonstruovat (Kadlec et al 2009;Petřík et al 2019;Stehlík -Kadlec 2012).…”

Section: čAsoprostorový Rámecunclassified

“…Pylová zrna luštěnin se dají velmi těžko odlišit a ani pomocí elektronového mikroskopu se nepodařilo určení kulturních druhů čeledi Fabaceae. Pylová zrna pohanky (Fagopyrum) byla detekována až ze sedimentů bagrované sondy, které byly datovány do 14.-15. století (Petřík et al 2019).…”

Section: Ovocnářství a Vinařstvíunclassified

Vývoj interakce přírodního prostředí a subsistenční strategie raně středověké společnosti: Pohansko u Břeclavi a okolí

et al. 2020

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Multidisciplinary research based on the interpretation of data acquired by archaeological and natural science methods and their correlation. The main objective is to reconstruct the interaction of factors of the environment and the living conditions of human communities and their development from the 6th until the early 12th century. The study will draw on research of the complex of the Great Moravian centre at Pohansko near Břeclav (South Moravia), its surroundings and hinterland. The subsistence strategy and its development in the early medieval society was studied on the basis of finds related to farming production and the subsequent processing of the products.

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“…The climate during the last millennium, and especially the onset and termination of the Little Ice Age (LIA) (Mann, 2002), has left its imprint on river channels (Matys Grygar et al, 2011; Rumsby & Macklin, 1996; Suchodoletz et al, 2022; Woolderink et al, 2019). More specifically, the LIA has been hypothesized to have led to enhanced floodplain erosion, meandering with lateral reworking, and aggradation (Candel et al, 2018; Kadlec et al, 2022; Petřík et al, 2019; Rumsby & Macklin, 1996; Suchodoletz et al, 2022; Woolderink et al, 2019). Generally, hydrological extremes associated with climate change can considerably impact the headwaters of rivers, increase the connectivity between temporary sediment sinks in river catchments and river channels, and reshape trunk channels (Delile et al, 2016; Dotterweich, 2008; Fryirs, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Was the termination of the Jizera River meandering during the Late Holocene caused by anthropogenic or climatic forcing?

Elznicová

Kiss

Suchodoletz

et al. 2022

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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The Jizera River in Czechia is a typical mid-sized Central European watercourse. Its floodplain shows a morphological contrast between the laterally stable low-sinuous current channel and preserved palaeomeanders. The aim of this paper was to date and explain the obvious metamorphosis of the channel pattern from meandering to low-sinuous. We analysed the morphology of the lower river reach using a digital terrain model (DTM) and historical maps from the 1840s. Furthermore, the floodplain architecture was described based on the DTM, geophysical imaging (ground penetrating radar, GPR), sediment lithology and anthropogenic contamination using geochemical proxies, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. The geochemical proxies were processed using log-ratio methods from the compositional data analysis toolbox. According to our results the Jizera River showed signs of systematic lateral floodplain reworking during the Late Holocene with only minor aggradation, although parts of the catchment are covered by easily erodible loess.Interestingly, vertical aggradation did not show a significant increase during the last millennium. In the main study area, this limited vertical aggradation resulted in the preservation of palaeomeander fragments and palaeochannel belts with 100-200 m mean width in the 300-600 m wide floodplain, which are recognisable in the topography and in subsurface GPR imaging. This channel meandering took place between around 4 and 1.2 ka, and the transition towards the laterally stable modern channel with low sinuosity occurred around 1.2 ka. This timing indicates a climatic rather than anthropogenic impact, which was rather weak around that time. One likely cause for this transition was the influx of material from ravines incised into the sandstone valley edges during past climatic extremes. Subsequently, the re-establishment of a meandering pattern was possibly prevented by a combination of low fluvial activity and the construction of weirs that reduced stream power.

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Disruption in an alluvial landscape: Settlement and environment dynamics on the alluvium of the river Dyje at the Pohansko archaeological site (Czech Republic)

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Půdní vývoj v nivě řeky Dyje v předpolí hradby hradiska Pohansko u Břeclavi

Půdní vývoj v nivě řeky Dyje v předpolí hradby hradiska Pohansko u Břeclavi

Vývoj interakce přírodního prostředí a subsistenční strategie raně středověké společnosti: Pohansko u Břeclavi a okolí

Was the termination of the Jizera River meandering during the Late Holocene caused by anthropogenic or climatic forcing?

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