Disrupting the prefrontal cortex diminishes the human ability to build a good reputation

Knoch, Daria; Schneider, Frédéric; Schunk, Daniel; Hohmann, Martin; Fehr, Ernst

doi:10.1073/pnas.0911619106

Cited by 147 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The coil was fixed and the subject's head was firmly held in place by means of a magnetic resonance-compatible coil and head holder. The TMS coil was placed over F4 and F3 using the electroencephalogram 10-20 coordination system for stimulation of the right and left DLPFC, as in previous studies 17, [43][44][45] . The stimulation intensity was set at 54% of maximum stimulator output.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex orchestrate normative choice

et al. 2011

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Humans are noted for their capacity to over-ride self-interest in favor of normatively valued goals. We examined the neural circuitry that is causally involved in normative, fairness-related decisions by generating a temporarily diminished capacity for costly normative behavior, a 'deviant' case, through non-invasive brain stimulation (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation) and compared normal subjects' functional magnetic resonance imaging signals with those of the deviant subjects. When fairness and economic self-interest were in conflict, normal subjects (who make costly normative decisions at a much higher frequency) displayed significantly higher activity in, and connectivity between, the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the posterior ventromedial prefrontal cortex (pVMPFC). In contrast, when there was no conflict between fairness and economic self-interest, both types of subjects displayed identical neural patterns and behaved identically. These findings suggest that a parsimonious prefrontal network, the activation of right DLPFC and pVMPFC, and the connectivity between them, facilitates subjects' willingness to incur the cost of normative decisions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex orchestrate normative choice

et al. 2011

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“…Since both the toe/leg representation and the pMFC (i.e., rostral cingulate zone) are located at the same depth level of the medial cortex, we determined the pMFC location by moving the coil in front of the central sulcus. The individual distance of the pMFC from the central sulcus was determined by the size of the subject's head in the same fashion as described for the international 10-20 system (Klem et al, 1999)-the approach commonly used in TMS studies (e.g., Griskova et al, 2007;Knoch et al, 2009). Overall, for stimulation, the TMS coil was placed anterior (mean distance: 4.5 cm, during pMFC and Sham stimulations) or posterior (mean distance: 4.6 cm, during Control stimulation of the parietal cortex) to the central sulcus.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downregulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex Prevents Social Conformity

Klucharev¹,

Munneke²,

Smidts³

et al. 2011

J. Neurosci.

128

133

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We often change our behavior to conform to real or imagined group pressure. Social influence on our behavior has been extensively studied in social psychology, but its neural mechanisms have remained largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that the transient downregulation of the posterior medial frontal cortex by theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces conformity, as indicated by reduced conformal adjustments in line with group opinion. Both the extent and probability of conformal behavioral adjustments decreased significantly relative to a sham and a control stimulation over another brain area. The posterior part of the medial frontal cortex has previously been implicated in behavioral and attitudinal adjustments. Here, we provide the first interventional evidence of its critical role in social influence on human behavior.

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“…al., 1995, henceforth BDM) to study trust. 2 However, several authors (Fehr, 2009;Karlan, 2005;Kosfeld et al, 2005;Sapienza et al, 2007) point out that in the investment game, inferences regarding trust may be confounded by individual attitudes towards risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trust games are also implemented in neuroeconomic studies (e.g. Knoch et al, 2009). based only on distributions of decisions between games. The former find decisions differ between trust and risk environments, while the latter do not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing trust from risk: An anatomy of the investment game

Houser

Schunk

Winter

2010

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

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The role of trust in promoting economic activity and societal development has received considerable academic attention by social scientists. A popular way to measure trust at the individual level is the so-called "investment game" (Berg, Dickhaut, and McCabe, 1995). It has been widely noted, however, that risk attitudes can also affect decisions in this game, and thus in principle confound inferences about trust. We provide novel evidence, shedding light on the role of risk attitudes for trusting decisions. To the best of our knowledge, our data are the first rigorous evidence that (i) aggregate investment distributions differ significantly between trust and risk environments, and (ii) risk attitudes predict individual investment decisions in risk games but not in the corresponding trust games. Our results are convergent evidence that trust decisions are not tightly connected to a person's risk attitudes, and they lend support to the "trust" interpretation of decisions in investment games. Abstract:The role of trust in promoting economic activity and societal development has received considerable academic attention by social scientists. A popular way to measure trust at the individual level is the so-called "investment game" (Berg, Dickhaut, and McCabe, 1995). It has been widely noted, however, that risk attitudes can also affect decisions in this game, and thus in principle confound inferences about trust. We provide novel evidence, shedding light on the role of risk attitudes for trusting decisions. To the best of our knowledge, our data are the first rigorous evidence that (i) aggregate investment distributions differ significantly between trust and risk environments, and (ii) risk attitudes predict individual investment decisions in risk games but not in the corresponding trust games. Our results are convergent evidence that trust decisions are not tightly connected to a person's risk attitudes, and they lend support to the "trust" interpretation of decisions in investment games.

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Disrupting the prefrontal cortex diminishes the human ability to build a good reputation

Cited by 147 publications

References 32 publications

Dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex orchestrate normative choice

Dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex orchestrate normative choice

Downregulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex Prevents Social Conformity

Distinguishing trust from risk: An anatomy of the investment game

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