Disputed discovery: vivisection and experiment in the 19th century

Berkowitz, Carin

doi:10.1016/j.endeavour.2006.07.001

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“… “A physiological demonstration with vivisection of a dog,” by Émile-Édouard Mouchy. This 1832 oil painting—the only secular painting known of the artist—illustrates how French scholars valued physiological experimentation in service of scientific progress [ 90 ]. Notice how the struggling of the animal does not seem to affect the physiologist or his observers.…”

Section: The Nineteenth-century Medical Revolution and The Upsurgementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although animal experiments were not yet regulated in the first half of the century, the development of British physiology research in the Victorian Era was losing pace to Germany and France, where unprecedented progress in medical knowledge was taking place. The openly antivivisectionist positions of influential jurists, politicians, literary figures, clergymen, distinguished members of the medical community, and even Queen Victoria, contributed to an unfriendly environment for animal-based medical research [ 90 , 91 ]. There was, however, also a matter of divergence of opinion between British anatomists and French physiologists on which was the best approach for obtaining medical knowledge.…”

Section: The Nineteenth-century Medical Revolution and The Upsurgementioning

confidence: 99%

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Animal Experiments in Biomedical Research: A Historical Perspective

Franco

2013

Animals

158

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Simple SummaryThis article reviews the use of non-human animals in biomedical research from a historical viewpoint, providing an insight into the most relevant social and moral issues on this topic across time, as well as to how the current paradigm for ethically and publically acceptable use of animals in biomedicine has been achieved.AbstractThe use of non-human animals in biomedical research has given important contributions to the medical progress achieved in our day, but it has also been a cause of heated public, scientific and philosophical discussion for hundreds of years. This review, with a mainly European outlook, addresses the history of animal use in biomedical research, some of its main protagonists and antagonists, and its effect on society from Antiquity to the present day, while providing a historical context with which to understand how we have arrived at the current paradigm regarding the ethical treatment of animals in research.

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Section: The Nineteenth-century Medical Revolution and The Upsurgementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Nineteenth-century Medical Revolution and The Upsurgementioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Experiments in Biomedical Research: A Historical Perspective

Franco

2013

Animals

158

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“…In the early nineteenth century, the Scottish surgeon Charles Bell and the French physiologist François Magendie reported from their independent observations the separation of sensory and motor nerves into and out of the spinal cord, disproving the previous belief that spinal ventral nerve roots were a mix of sensory and motor axons capable of signaling in both directions [1]. We now know that in the vertebrate spinal cord, developing motor neurons migrate to reach their final destination and extend their axons into the periphery through permissive gaps in the spinal cord margins known as motor exit point (MEP) TZs, while their cell bodies remain in the CNS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Livin’ On The Edge: glia shape nervous system transition zones

Fontenas¹,

Kucenas²

2017

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

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The vertebrate nervous system is divided into two functional halves; the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which consists of nerves and ganglia. Incoming peripheral stimuli transmitted from the periphery to the CNS and subsequent motor responses created because of this information, require efficient communication between the two halves that make up this organ system. Neurons and glial cells of each half of the nervous system, which are the main actors in this communication, segregate across nervous system transition zones and never mix, allowing for efficient neurotransmission. Studies aimed at understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the development and maintenance of these transition zones have predominantly focused on mammalian models. However, zebrafish has emerged as a powerful model organism to study these structures and has allowed researchers to identify novel glial cells and mechanisms essential for nervous system assembly. This review will highlight recent advances into the important role that glial cells play in building and maintaining the nervous system and its boundaries.

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“…A principios del siglo XIX, los fisiólogos Charles Bell and François Magendie reclamaron haber sido los primeros en identificar, de manera separada, las funciones motora y sensitiva de las raíces espinales; esta disputa llevó a dar cuerpo a distintas visiones fisiológicas y al papel de la experimentación, y en ella la vivisección (Berkowitz, 2006). François Magendie (1783-1855) hizo significativas contribuciones en el campo de la neuroanatomía, la fisiología y la farmacología; además, describió una técnica para extraer fluido cerebroespinal para cuantificarlo y describir sus características en pacientes con condición normal y patológica; dilucidó también las funciones de los nervios craneales y precisó la función de las raíces ventrales y dorsales, todo ello haciendo vivisección, así como Bell (Tubbs et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

La Disección In vivo (Vivisección): Una Visión Histórica

2014

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RESUMEN: La vivisección es un procedimiento exploratorio del ser vivo, que a lo largo de la historia de la humanidad se ha practicado de manera invasiva, tanto en seres humanos como en animales, con el fin de visualizar la morfología y su correlación con la función orgánica. Este procedimiento evolucionó con el descubrimiento y utilización de agentes anestésicos y, posteriormente, con la tecnología de imágenes funcionales no invasivas para el ser vivo, con el propósito de comprender más los aspectos funcionales que los estructurales.

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Disputed discovery: vivisection and experiment in the 19th century

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Animal Experiments in Biomedical Research: A Historical Perspective

Animal Experiments in Biomedical Research: A Historical Perspective

Livin’ On The Edge: glia shape nervous system transition zones

La Disección In vivo (Vivisección): Una Visión Histórica

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