Disproving two widely accepted notions regarding entropy

Abstract

This article systematically disproves two widely accepted notions regarding entropy using multiple novel and compelling arguments. To mathematically describe the second law of thermodynamics, the concept of entropy was created and defined in the 1860s as heat energy divided by thermodynamic temperature, and the entropy of an object increases when it absorbs heat. This is the uncontroversial and fundamental nature of entropy, which is pivotal to current thermodynamics and from which multiple facts are deduced. These facts consistently disprove the notion that entropy is a measure of disorder and disprove Schrödinger's notion of negative entropy (negentropy). Multiple biological facts (e.g., life orderliness is encoded and provided by inherited genes rather than entropy decline) can also disprove Schrödinger's negentropy notion. This article also elucidates the reasoning errors of the two notions regarding entropy. Moreover, the second law of thermodynamics and the notion that many natural or social systems tend to become more disordered over time are due to distinct statistical probabilities and are hence independent of each other.