Disproportionately increased 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in young men with low birth weight during a high-fat overfeeding challenge

Brøns, Charlotte; Lilleøre, Søren Kruse; Astrup, Arne; Vaag, Allan

doi:10.1007/s00394-015-1018-7

Cited by 8 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Low birth weight and NBW men displayed differences in body composition and glucose and lipid metabolism after the control and high‐fat, high‐calorie diets, and both birth weight groups showed changes in metabolism in response to the dietary challenge, as previously reported (Brons et al. , , , ). A selection of variables that provide background for the current findings is shown in Tables and and also presented here.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Furthermore, calorimetry was performed throughout 24 h from the first to second study day by use of a respiratory chamber and in the basal and insulin‐stimulated steady‐state periods of the clamp to evaluate substrate utilization rates and energy expenditures, as previously described (Brons et al. , , ). Blood samples were collected prior to and during the clamp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma acylcarnitine profiling indicates increased fatty acid oxidation relative to tricarboxylic acid cycle capacity in young, healthy low birth weight men

et al. 2016

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We hypothesized that an increased, incomplete fatty acid beta‐oxidation in mitochondria could be part of the metabolic events leading to insulin resistance and thereby an increased type 2 diabetes risk in low birth weight (LBW) compared with normal birth weight (NBW) individuals. Therefore, we measured fasting plasma levels of 45 acylcarnitine species in 18 LBW and 25 NBW men after an isocaloric control diet and a 5‐day high‐fat, high‐calorie diet. We demonstrated that LBW men had higher C2 and C4‐OH levels after the control diet compared with NBW men, indicating an increased fatty acid beta‐oxidation relative to the tricarboxylic acid cycle flux. Also, they had higher C6‐DC, C10‐OH/C8‐DC, and total hydroxyl‐/dicarboxyl‐acylcarnitine levels, which may suggest an increased fatty acid omega‐oxidation in the liver. Furthermore, LBW and NBW men decreased several acylcarnitine levels in response to overfeeding, which is likely a result of an upregulation of fatty acid oxidation due to the dietary challenge. Moreover, C10‐OH/C8‐DC and total hydroxyl‐/dicarboxyl‐acylcarnitine levels tended to be negatively associated with the serum insulin level, and the total hydroxyl‐/dicarboxyl‐acylcarnitine level additionally tended to be negatively associated with the hepatic insulin resistance index. This indicates that an increased fatty acid omega‐oxidation could be a compensatory mechanism to prevent an accumulation of lipid species that impair insulin signaling.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma acylcarnitine profiling indicates increased fatty acid oxidation relative to tricarboxylic acid cycle capacity in young, healthy low birth weight men

et al. 2016

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“…In strong support of the 'thrifty phenotype' hypothesis as proposed by Hales and Baker (10), we have previously shown that young SGA men exhibit decreased energy expenditure when subjected to 36-h fasting (11). Furthermore, recent data suggest that young healthy SGA men may have an altered diurnal rhythm including diurnal variations in metabolic hormones compared with control individuals born appropriate for gestational age (AGA), since they exhibit pronounced differences in substrate oxidation rates in particular during nighttime (12,13). A central clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus, generating a circadian (24-h) rhythm, regulates most physiological functions.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…This hypothesis was based on the studies of 24-h substrate oxidation rates in SGA and AGA controls, the finding of increased nocturnal fat oxidation in SGA men (12,13), as well as on our previously reported increased rate of lipolysis as determined using a stable isotope glycerol tracer in the fasting state among young men born SGA (7). However, in this study, no difference in plasma FFA levels between the groups was documented during nighttime.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…It includes change in plasma insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, ghrelin, leptin, resistin and visfatin; incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP); cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels, as well as glucose, triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acid (FFA) levels. We hypothesized that altered diurnal variation in the selected key hormones and substrates could explain the disproportionally increased nocturnal fat oxidation and decreased glucose oxidation recently reported in young men born SGA (12,13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endocrine and metabolic diurnal rhythms in young adult men born small vs appropriate for gestational age

Brøns

Saltbæk

Friedrichsen

et al. 2016

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Sleep disturbances and alterations of diurnal endocrine rhythms are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We previously showed that young men born small for gestational age (SGA) and with increased risk of T2D have elevated fat and decreased glucose oxidation rates during nighttime. In this study, we investigated whether SGA men have an altered diurnal profile of hormones, substrates and inflammatory markers implicated in T2D pathophysiology compared with matched individuals born appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Methods: We collected hourly blood samples for 24 h, to measure levels of glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), triglycerides (TG), insulin, C-peptide, leptin, resistin, ghrelin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), incretins (GLP-1 and GIP), and inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-6) in 13 young men born SGA and 11 young men born AGA. Results: Repeated measurements analyses were used to analyze the diurnal variations and differences between groups. The SGA subjects had increased 24-h glucose (P = 0.03), glucagon (P = 0.03) and resistin (P = 0.003) levels with no difference in diurnal rhythms compared with AGA controls. We found significant diurnal variations in levels of blood glucose, plasma TG, FFA, insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1, GIP, leptin, visfatin, TNF-α, IL-6 and PAI-1. The variation in FFA levels differed between the groups during the evening. Plasma ghrelin and glucagon levels did not display diurnal variations. Conclusions: Young men born SGA exhibit elevated 24-h blood glucose, and plasma glucagon and resistin levels with no major differences in diurnal rhythms of these or other key metabolic hormones, substrates or inflammatory markers implicated in the origin of adiposity and T2D.

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Developmental Programming of Body Composition: Update on Evidence and Mechanisms

Isganaitis

2019

Curr Diab Rep

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Disproportionately increased 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in young men with low birth weight during a high-fat overfeeding challenge

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Plasma acylcarnitine profiling indicates increased fatty acid oxidation relative to tricarboxylic acid cycle capacity in young, healthy low birth weight men

Plasma acylcarnitine profiling indicates increased fatty acid oxidation relative to tricarboxylic acid cycle capacity in young, healthy low birth weight men

Endocrine and metabolic diurnal rhythms in young adult men born small vs appropriate for gestational age

Developmental Programming of Body Composition: Update on Evidence and Mechanisms

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