Disproportionate Incidence of COVID-19 Infection, Hospitalizations, and Deaths Among Persons Identifying as Hispanic or Latino — Denver, Colorado March–October 2020

Podewils, Laura Jean; Burket, Tori L.; Mettenbrink, Christie; Steiner, Abigail; Seidel, Allison; Scott, Kenneth A.; Cervantes, Lilia; Hasnain‐Wynia, Romana

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6948a3

Cited by 94 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A recent analysis among individuals hospitalized with COVID-19 in Colorado found that the median onset between symptom onset and hospitalization was 4 days among Latinx individuals vs 3 days among non-Latinx individuals. 13 These findings are striking, as Denver and San Francisco both have public hospitals and health care programs that extend care to undocumented individuals at a sliding scale based on income. Both cities also have longstanding sanctuary policies prohibiting the health care system from sharing information with immigration authorities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Experiences of Latinx Individuals Hospitalized for COVID-19

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IMPORTANCE Latinx individuals, particularly immigrants, are at higher risk than non-Latinx White individuals of contracting and dying from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Little is known about Latinx experiences with COVID-19 infection and treatment. OBJECTIVE To describe the experiences of Latinx individuals who were hospitalized with and survived COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The qualitative study used semistructured phone interviews of 60 Latinx adults who survived a COVID-19 hospitalization in public hospitals in San Francisco, California, and Denver, Colorado, from March 2020 to July 2020. Transcripts were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis. Data analysis was conducted from May 2020 to September 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Themes and subthemes that reflected patient experiences. RESULTS Sixty people (24 women and 36 men; mean [SD] age, 48 [12] years) participated. All lived in low-income areas, 47 participants (78%) had more than 4 people in the home, and most (44 participants [73%]) were essential workers. Four participants (9%) could work from home, 12 (20%) had paid sick leave, and 21 (35%) lost their job because of COVID-19. We identified 5 themes (and subthemes) with public health and clinical care implications: COVID-19 was a distant and secondary threat (invincibility, misinformation and disbelief, ingrained social norms); COVID-19 was a compounder of disadvantage (fear of unemployment and eviction, lack of safeguards for undocumented immigrants, inability to protect self from COVID-19, and high-density housing); reluctance to seek medical care (worry about health care costs, concerned about ability to access care if uninsured or undocumented, undocumented immigrants fear deportation); health care system interactions (social isolation and change in hospital procedures, appreciation for clinicians and language access, and discharge with insufficient resources or clinical information); and faith and community resiliency (spirituality, Latinx COVID-19 advocates). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In interviews, Latinx patients with COVID-19 who survived hospitalization described initial disease misinformation and economic and immigration fears as having driven exposure and delays in presentation. To confront COVID-19 as a compounder of social disadvantage, public health authorities should mitigate COVID-19-related misinformation, immigration fears, and challenges to health care access, as well as create policies that provide work protection and address economic disadvantages.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 13 These circumstances have contributed to an excess burden of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in the Latinx community. 13 , 14 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences of Latinx Individuals Hospitalized for COVID-19

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Health centers’ efforts to increase testing for SARS-CoV-2 are an important mitigation strategy to reach racial and ethnic minority groups at increased risk for COVID-19. Published state and national data indicate that racial and ethnic minority groups might be more likely to become infected with SARS-CoV-2, experience more severe COVID-19–associated illness, and have higher risk for death from COVID-19 ( 2 – 7 ). This study contributes to understanding current health center testing patterns and areas for improvement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Center Testing for SARS-CoV-2 During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, June 5–October 2, 2020

Romero¹,

Pao²,

Clark³

et al. 2020

MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…For example, they have created stark contrasts in COVID‐19 infection rates and outcomes. Black, Native American and Hispanic communities have seen COVID‐19 cases, hospitalizations and deaths at rates greater than Whites, and these events far exceed their share of the U.S. population 674–677 …”

Section: Special Report: Race Ethnicity and Alzheimer's In Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

2021 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures

2021

Alzheimer's & Dementia

1,778

849

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article describes the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including incidence and prevalence, mortality and morbidity, use and costs of care, and the overall impact on caregivers and society. The Special Report discusses the challenges of providing equitable health care for people with dementia in the United States. An estimated 6.2 million Americans age 65 and older are living with Alzheimer's dementia today. This number could grow to 13.8 million by 2060 barring the development of medical breakthroughs to prevent, slow or cure AD. Official death certificates recorded 121,499 deaths from AD in 2019, the latest year for which data are available, making Alzheimer's the sixth‐leading cause of death in the United States and the fifth‐leading cause of death among Americans age 65 and older. Between 2000 and 2019, deaths from stroke, heart disease and HIV decreased, whereas reported deaths from AD increased more than 145%. This trajectory of deaths from AD was likely exacerbated in 2020 by the COVID‐19 pandemic. More than 11 million family members and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 15.3 billion hours of care to people with Alzheimer's or other dementias in 2020. These figures reflect a decline in the number of caregivers compared with a decade earlier, as well as an increase in the amount of care provided by each remaining caregiver. Unpaid dementia caregiving was valued at $256.7 billion in 2020. Its costs, however, extend to family caregivers’ increased risk for emotional distress and negative mental and physical health outcomes — costs that have been aggravated by COVID‐19. Average per‐person Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries age 65 and older with AD or other dementias are more than three times as great as payments for beneficiaries without these conditions, and Medicaid payments are more than 23 times as great. Total payments in 2021 for health care, long‐term care and hospice services for people age 65 and older with dementia are estimated to be $355 billion. Despite years of efforts to make health care more equitable in the United States, racial and ethnic disparities remain — both in terms of health disparities, which involve differences in the burden of illness, and health care disparities, which involve differences in the ability to use health care services. Blacks, Hispanics, Asian Americans and Native Americans continue to have a higher burden of illness and lower access to health care compared with Whites. Such disparities, which have become more apparent during COVID‐19, extend to dementia care. Surveys commissioned by the Alzheimer's Association recently shed new light on the role of discrimination in dementia care, the varying levels of trust between racial and ethnic groups in medical research, and the differences between groups in their levels of concern about and awareness of Alzheimer's disease. These findings emphasize the need to increase racial and ethnic diversity in both the dementia care workforce and in Alzheimer's clinical trials.

show abstract

Disproportionate Incidence of COVID-19 Infection, Hospitalizations, and Deaths Among Persons Identifying as Hispanic or Latino — Denver, Colorado March–October 2020

Cited by 94 publications

References 5 publications

Experiences of Latinx Individuals Hospitalized for COVID-19

Experiences of Latinx Individuals Hospitalized for COVID-19

Health Center Testing for SARS-CoV-2 During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, June 5–October 2, 2020

2021 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About