Disproportional changes in hematocrit, plasma volume, and proteins during exercise and bed rest.

Beaumont, William; Greenleaf, J. E.; Juhos, L. T.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1972.33.1.55

Cited by 197 publications

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“…For example, at 13 : 00 hr, in summer the following deviations were observed from control values : Decrease in the whole blood water content by 1.8 % and increases in the serum osmolality by 2.4 %, the hematocrit by 2.9 %, plasma protein by 9.2 % and the CPV by 16.8 %. This suggests that much more disproportionate changes in the CPV, hematocrit and plasma protein occur during heat stress than those reported in man during exercise (BEAUMONT et al, 1972). As to the changes of body fluid compartments, BASS and HENSCHEL (1956) concluded in their review that acute heat stress elicits responses which, in the absence of dehydration, would result in increased plasma and blood volumes, with little change in composition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Difference in Responses of Body Fluids to Heat Stress

1974

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Summary Ten male volunteers were subjected to heat stress in winter and in summer and changes in volume and composition of the body fluids were followed for about 24 hr afterwards. In summer, sodium and chloride concentration in serum and serum osmolality increased most just after sweating and returned to the control value within a day of heat exposure, while in winter they were highest three hours after sweating, and the effect of heat stress lasted until the following morning. Both in winter and in summer, the circulating blood volume tended to increase even when hemoconcentration was obvious. Plasma protein which was determined in summer experiments showed an increase after heat stress and the importance of plasma protein in maintaining the circulating blood volume during or after sweating and its contribution to so called voluntary dehydration are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Difference in Responses of Body Fluids to Heat Stress

1974

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“…The percent changes in plasma volume at each time point x relative to a previous time point y were extrapolated from the changes in plasma total protein concentrations36 such that:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Intravenous Small‐Volume Hypertonic Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium Chloride, and Glucose Solutions in Decreasing Plasma Potassium Concentration in Hyperkalemic Neonatal Calves with Diarrhea

Trefz

Constable

Lorenz

2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundHyperkalemia is a frequently observed electrolyte imbalance in dehydrated neonatal diarrheic calves that can result in skeletal muscle weakness and life‐threatening cardiac conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias.HypothesisIntravenous administration of a small‐volume hypertonic NaHCO3 solution is clinically more effective in decreasing the plasma potassium concentration (cK) in hyperkalemic diarrheic calves than hypertonic NaCl or glucose solutions.AnimalsTwenty‐two neonatal diarrheic calves with cK >5.8 mmol/L.MethodsProspective randomized clinical trial. Calves randomly received either 8.4% NaHCO3 (6.4 mL/kg BW; n = 7), 7.5% NaCl (5 mL/kg BW; n = 8), or 46.2% glucose (5 mL/kg BW; n = 7) IV over 5 minutes and were subsequently allowed to suckle 2 L of an electrolyte solution. Infusions with NaHCO3 and NaCl provided an identical sodium load of 6.4 mmol/kg BW.ResultsHypertonic NaHCO3 infusions produced an immediate and sustained decrease in plasma cK. Hypertonic glucose infusions resulted in marked hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, but cK remained unchanged for 20 minutes. Between 30 and 120 minutes after initiation of treatment, the most marked decrements in cK from baseline occurred in group NaHCO3, which were significantly (P < .05) larger during this period of time than in calves in group NaCl, but not group glucose. After 120 minutes, the mean decrease in cK from baseline was −26 ± 10%, −9 ± 8%, and −22 ± 6% in groups NaHCO3, NaCl, and glucose, respectively.Conclusions/Clinical ImportanceSmall‐volume hypertonic NaHCO3 infusions appear to have clinical advantages for the rapid resuscitation of hyperkalemic diarrheic calves, compared to hypertonic NaCl or glucose solutions.

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“…The percent changes in plasma volume at each time point x relative to a previous time point y were extrapolated from the changes in serum total protein concentrations21 such that:

Δ Plasma {volume}_{x} = false(c total {protein}_{y} - c total {protein}_{x} false) \times 100 / c total {protein}_{x}

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Alkalinization and Rehydration on Plasma Potassium Concentrations in Neonatal Calves with Diarrhea

Trefz

Lorch

Zitzl

et al. 2015

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundIncreased plasma potassium concentrations (K+) in neonatal calves with diarrhea are associated with acidemia and severe clinical dehydration and are therefore usually corrected by intravenous administration of fluids containing sodium bicarbonate.ObjectivesTo identify clinical and laboratory variables that are associated with changes of plasma K+ during the course of treatment and to document the plasma potassium‐lowering effect of hypertonic (8.4%) sodium bicarbonate solutions.AnimalsSeventy‐one neonatal diarrheic calves.MethodsProspective cohort study. Calves were treated according to a clinical protocol using an oral electrolyte solution and commercially available packages of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate (250–750 mmol), 0.9% saline (5–10 L), and 40% dextrose (0.5 L) infusion solutions.ResultsInfusions with 8.4% sodium bicarbonate solutions in an amount of 250–750 mmol had an immediate and sustained plasma potassium‐lowering effect. One hour after the end of such infusions or the start of a sodium bicarbonate containing constant drip infusion, changes of plasma K+ were most closely correlated to changes of venous blood pH, plasma sodium concentrations and plasma volume (r = −0.73, −0.57, −0.53; P < .001). Changes of plasma K+ during the subsequent 23 hours were associated with changes of venous blood pH, clinical hydration status (enophthalmos) and serum creatinine concentrations (r = −0.71, 0.63, 0.62; P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThis study emphasizes the importance of alkalinization and the correction of dehydration in the treatment of hyperkalemia in neonatal calves with diarrhea.

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Disproportional changes in hematocrit, plasma volume, and proteins during exercise and bed rest.

Cited by 197 publications

References 0 publications

Seasonal Difference in Responses of Body Fluids to Heat Stress

Seasonal Difference in Responses of Body Fluids to Heat Stress

Effect of Intravenous Small‐Volume Hypertonic Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium Chloride, and Glucose Solutions in Decreasing Plasma Potassium Concentration in Hyperkalemic Neonatal Calves with Diarrhea

Effects of Alkalinization and Rehydration on Plasma Potassium Concentrations in Neonatal Calves with Diarrhea

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