Dispositivo para medir tiempo y temperatura usando un microcontrolador

Abstract

En este trabajo se desarrolló un dispositivo de adquisición de datos, de bajo costo y fácil manejo, para usar en experimentos de física donde se requiera medir tiempo o temperatura, conformado por tres equipos principales: (i) Sensores para medir las variables físicas de tiempo y temperatura; (ii) Una tarjeta de adquisición con microcontrolador para el manejo de instrucciones y (iii) Una computadora para el almacenamiento de datos. El sensor, compuesto de un infrarrojo y un fototransistor, cambia su estado lógico al interrumpir la señal. La tarjeta que se utiliza incluye un microcontrolador de la marca Microchip, PIC18F14K50, el cual contiene comparadores, convertidores de análogo a digital, temporizadores y puerto de comunicación USB (Universal Serial Bus). El computador se usó como una herramienta de almacenamiento de datos y visualización de variables a través de una hoja de cálculo. La programación del microcontrolador se hizo con software MPLAB X de licencia gratuita. La funcionalidad del dispositivo se verificó en el experimento de caída libre para determinar el valor de la aceleración gravitacional. Palabras clave: Sistema de adquisición de datos, Sensor, Microcontrolador.In this paper a device of data acquisition with low cost and easy management was developed for using in experiments of physics where time or temperature measurement is required. The device is composed by three main parts: (i) sensors to measure the physical variables of time and temperature; (ii) a data acquisition card with microcontroller to manage commands and (iii) a computer in order to store data. The sensor, composed by an infrared and a phototransistor, changes its logical state when the signal is interrupted. The board used includes a microcontroller of Microchip brand, PIC18F14K50, which has comparators, analog to digital converters, timers and an Universal Serial Bus (USB) port. The computer was used as a tool to store data and see variables by means of a spreadsheet. The microcontroller programming was made with MPLABX software of free license. The usefulness of the device was tested in the free fall experiment in order to determine the value of the gravitational acceleration.

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“…Morphological Matrix a) Solution 1: The red color arrow was used for process control as the first function we chose a microcontroller pic 18f4550 8 bits CPU, which has 32 pins configurable inputs/outputs, in second function the voltage booster module with input characteristics DC3. 6V-6V, being input current of 1.5A, whose output voltage of DC5KV, and output current of 18 mA, as the third function the PIR sensor [16] whose detection range has the cone angle of 100 degrees and range 3-5 meters, operating voltage DC3. 6V-6V, as the fourth function SIM800CGSM/GPRS module whose port power supply voltage is DC3.4-6V, as the fifth function the 6V4AH lead-acid battery box in parallel of another additional battery and a regulator for battery charging and a regulator for power supply of controlled sensors and actuators, as the sixth function in the junction of the component was selected vulcanized wire number 16 thick for its high durability and finally the PLA filament which is dielectric the cheapest to manufacture 3D printing.…”

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“…Wireless Sensors Network is an interesting possibility for the implementation in electronic monitoring of sensors [6]. Microcontrolled systems for the control of experiments have been frequently reported in the literature [7,8]. Nowadays, the Arduino is a platform much used due to the easy of the programming and low-cost [9][10][11][12][13].…”