Disposition of perfluorinated acid isomers in sprague‐dawley rats; Part 1: Single dose

Benskin, Jonathan P.; Silva, Amila O. De; Martin, Lily; Arsenault, Gilles; McCrindle, Robert; Riddell, Nicole; Mabury, Scott A.; Martin, Jonathan W.

doi:10.1897/08-239.1

Cited by 154 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…After the phase out of PFOS in 2000-2002, reports have shown a simultaneous decline in PFOS and PFOA concentrations, 40 indicating that exposure pathways for these compounds were historically linked, 39,40 even if production of PFOA and various perfluorinated acids continues today. 41 A decline in PFOA concentration has not been observed in Australia. 29 Due to the paucity of information on PFC content in the environment and other media in the southern hemisphere, it is difficult to assess which factors contribute to the body burden of PFCs in South Africa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…33 It has been suggested that the increased percentage of branched isomers of PFOS could be explained by longer half-lives compared with linear isomers of PFOS. 44 This does not, however, agree with the half-lives for different PFOS isomers in rats, 41 where branched isomers of PFOS, apart from 1-perfluoromethyl PFOS, had shorter halflives than linear isomers. As a result of chromatographic limitations, it was not possible to elucidate the PFOS isomer profile in this study.…”

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confidence: 89%

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Perfluorinated compounds in maternal serum and cord blood from selected areas of South Africa: results of a pilot study

et al. 2010

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There is limited information about both environmental and human perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) concentrations in the southern hemisphere, and for the first time, concentrations of these compounds are reported in maternal serum and cord blood of South African women. The majority of the participants were of African Black ethnicity, with a similar socioeconomic status. In maternal serum perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was found to be the most abundant PFC (1.6 ng mL ) and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS: 0.5 ng mL À1 ); however, in cord blood PFOA was the most abundant compound (1.3 ng mL À1) followed by PFOS (0.7 ng mL À1) and PFHxS (0.3 ng mL À1). Linear PFOS constituted 58% of the sum of PFOS, comparable with a reported percentage from Australia. Differences in PFC concentrations between communities were found, with the highest concentrations in urban and semi-urban areas. The median maternal PFOS concentration was lower than has been reported in other studies, whereas the PFOA concentration was the same. This clearly indicates that the exposure pathway is different from the western world. Significant differences in housing quality were observed and the urban and sub-urban community had the highest living and housing standards. Possible exposure pathways could be different from those elucidated in the western world with the exception of the urban community in our study that showed higher living standards in general and easier access to modern consumer products.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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confidence: 89%

Perfluorinated compounds in maternal serum and cord blood from selected areas of South Africa: results of a pilot study

et al. 2010

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“…Due to the limited age trends observed, age was not considered to be a confounding factor of the PFAS concentrations among brain regions. The PFCAs and PFSAs have a large range of half-lives, from hours in rats and rabbits to years in humans and other larger mammals [31,32]. Although the half-lives of bioaccumulative PFCAs and PFSAs in polar bears have not been reported, these limited age correlations in the cerebellum and occipital cortex indicate halflives in the order of years for longer-chain PFCAs (C 10 -C 15 ), which suggests that they accumulate in the brain faster than they can be eliminated.…”

Section: Sex Differences and Age Correlationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain region distribution and patterns of bioaccumulative perfluoroalkyl carboxylates and sulfonates in East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus)

Greaves

Letcher

Sonne

et al. 2013

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-The present study investigated the comparative accumulation of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in eight brain regions of polar bears (Ursus maritimus, n ¼ 19) collected in 2006 from Scoresby Sound, East Greenland. The PFAAs studied were perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs, C 6 -C 15 chain lengths) and sulfonates (C 4 , C 6 , C 8 , and C 10 chain lengths) as well as selected precursors including perfluorooctane sulfonamide. On a wet-weight basis, blood-brain barrier transport of PFAAs occurred for all brain regions, although inner regions of the brain closer to incoming blood flow (pons/medulla, thalamus, and hypothalamus) contained consistently higher PFAA concentrations compared to outer brain regions (cerebellum, striatum, and frontal, occipital, and temporal cortices). For pons/medulla, thalamus, and hypothalamus, the most concentrated PFAAs were perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), ranging from 47 to 58 ng/g wet weight, and perfluorotridecanoic acid, ranging from 43 to 49 ng/g wet weight. However, PFOS and the longer-chain PFCAs (C 10 -C 15 ) were significantly (p < 0.002) positively correlated with lipid content for all brain regions. Lipid-normalized PFOS and PFCA (C 10 -C 15 ) concentrations were not significantly (p > 0.05) different among brain regions. The burden of the sum of PFCAs, perfluoroalkyl sulfonates, and perfluorooctane sulfonamide in the brain (average mass, 392 g) was estimated to be 46 mg. The present study demonstrates that both PFCAs and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates cross the blood-brain barrier in polar bears and that wet-weight concentrations are brain region-specific. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:713-722. # 2012 SETAC

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“…Subsequent studies on the disposition of PFOA isomers in rainbow trout have indicated that n-PFOA is selectively retained in blood and tissues relative to the majority of branched isomers [18]. Similarly, rodents dosed with ECF mixtures of PFOA and PFOS selectively retained the linear isomer relative to most branched isomers [19,20], albeit kinetic differences between branched and linear isomers appear to be more subtle for PFOS than for PFOA and require further investigation in longer exposure studies. Biotransformation rates of PFOS-precursor isomers have also been observed in vitro [21], whereby branched isomers were preferentially biotransformed relative to the linear isomer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfluorooctane sulfonate toxicity, isomer‐specific accumulation, and maternal transfer in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Sharpe

Benskin

Laarman

et al. 2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS; C(8)F(17)SO(3) (-)) bioaccumulation and toxicity have been demonstrated in both aquatic and terrestrial organisms. The majority of investigations have examined total PFOS concentrations in wildlife and in toxicity testing, but isomer-specific monitoring studies are less common, and no laboratory-based study of PFOS isomer accumulation in fish has been reported. The present study examined accumulation and maternal transfer of PFOS isomers in zebrafish and tissue-specific accumulation of PFOS isomers in trout parr. A median lethal dose (LC50) of 22.2 and 2.5 mg/L was calculated for adult zebrafish and trout parr, respectively. A two-week PFOS exposure resulted in tissue-specific PFOS accumulation in trout, with maximum concentrations identified in the liver tissue (>50 microg/g). Prior exposure to PFOS as alevin did not affect the accumulation of PFOS in tissues later in life. In both species, accumulation of branched PFOS isomers generally occurred to a lesser extent than linear PFOS, which may explain the relative deficiency of branched PFOS isomers in some aquatic species in the field. Analysis of exposed trout tissues indicated that isomer discrimination may occur at the level of elimination or uptake and elimination processes in the kidney or gill, respectively. When zebrafish underwent a reproductive cycle in the presence of PFOS, approximately 10% (wt) of the adult PFOS body burden was transferred to the developing embryos, resulting in a higher total PFOS concentration in eggs (116 +/- 13.3 microg/g) than in the parent fish (72.1 +/- 7.6 microg/g). The isomer profile in eggs was not significantly different from that of adults, suggesting that the maternal transfer of branched and linear PFOS isomers in fish is largely nonisomer specific.

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Disposition of perfluorinated acid isomers in sprague‐dawley rats; Part 1: Single dose

Cited by 154 publications

References 38 publications

Perfluorinated compounds in maternal serum and cord blood from selected areas of South Africa: results of a pilot study

Perfluorinated compounds in maternal serum and cord blood from selected areas of South Africa: results of a pilot study

Brain region distribution and patterns of bioaccumulative perfluoroalkyl carboxylates and sulfonates in East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus)

Perfluorooctane sulfonate toxicity, isomer‐specific accumulation, and maternal transfer in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

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