Disposition of penicillin g sodium following intravenous and oral administration to equidae

Horspool, L. J. I.; McKellar, Quintin

doi:10.1016/s0007-1935(95)80129-4

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…For the horses that received IV sodium penicillin (Fresenius Kabi Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada) preoperatively, 131 of 148 (88.5%) horses had the time from first dose to first incision reported in the record. By using a half‐life (t 1/2 ) for IV sodium G penicillin of 39 minutes, the first incision was performed more than two half‐lives after administration in 46 of 131 (35.1%) horses. Time from first dose to first incision was reported for 106 horses receiving trimethoprim‐sulfadoxine (Trimidox; Vetoquinol, Lavaltrie, Quebec, Canada).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective assessment of perioperative antimicrobial use for elective arthroscopy in horses

2020

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Objective To describe perioperative antimicrobial use in horses undergoing elective arthroscopy. Study design. Retrospective study. Sample population. Horses that underwent elective arthroscopy at one institution between July 2016 and May 2018, excluding those with a suspected infectious orthopedic disease or with a comorbidity that may have impacted prophylactic antimicrobial use decisions. Methods Medical records were reviewed to evaluate preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative antimicrobial drug selection, dose, and timing. Associations between body weight and underdosing were evaluated by using analysis of variance, χ2 test was used for categorical comparisons, and least squares fit was used to evaluate factors associated with duration of postoperative antimicrobials. Results Among 150 horses, 149 (99.3%) received systemic preoperative antimicrobials. Only 53 (40.2%) horses were administered doses within 60 minutes of surgical incision. First incision was performed more than two half‐lives after administration of sodium penicillin in 46 of 131 (35.1%) horses but in only 1 of 106 (0.8%) horses that received trimethoprim‐sulfadoxine. Body weight was associated with underdosing for penicillin (P = .0075) and trimethoprim‐sulfadoxine (P = .002) but not gentamicin (P = .92). Twenty‐six (17%) horses received one postoperative antimicrobial dose, while antimicrobials were continued in hospital for a mean of 22.3 ± 4.4 hours after surgery in the other 123 horses. Among the 149 discharged horses, 115 (77.2%) were prescribed antimicrobials after discharge (range, 3‐10 days; median, 3 days, interquartile range, 0 days). Conclusion Deviations from common recommendations were apparent and provide evidence for the requirement to develop interventions to optimize perioperative prophylaxis. Clinical significance Perioperative antimicrobial use practices should be regularly assessed to provide a benchmark and identify areas for intervention.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective assessment of perioperative antimicrobial use for elective arthroscopy in horses

2020

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“…Similar recommendations for antimicrobial prophylaxis given on or shortly after induction seem to be safe in human patients. 28 Given the pharmacokinetic data 25,30,[34][35][36] available for the most commonly used prophylactic antimicrobials (potassium penicillin G, gentamicin); we also chose to evaluate how many horses received the appropriate dose of antimicrobials within 30 minutes of the start of surgery. Very few horses fell into this category, with only 23 (3.0%) meeting this criterion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Use in Horses Undergoing Colic Surgery

Schaer

Linton

Aceto

2012

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Recommendations for antimicrobial prophylaxis for surgery are well-described in human medicine, but information is limited for veterinary practice.Objective: To characterize antimicrobial use in horses undergoing emergency colic surgery. Animals: A total of 761 horses undergoing emergency colic surgery (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007). Methods: Retrospective case review. Antimicrobial dose and timing, surgical description, and duration of treatment were collected from medical records. Associations between antimicrobial use and the occurrence of fever, incisional inflammation or infection, catheter-associated complications, or Salmonella shedding during hospitalization were analyzed using rank-sum methods and logistic regression.Results: A total of 511 (67.2%) horses received an inappropriate amount of drug preoperatively. Median time from preoperative dose to incision was 70 (IQR 55-90) minutes; median total surgery time was 110 (IQR 80-160) minutes. Seventy-three horses were euthanized under anesthesia because of poor prognosis. Of 688 horses, 438 should have been redosed intraoperatively based on the duration of surgery. Only 8 (1.8%) horses were redosed correctly. Horses remained on perioperative antimicrobials a median of 3 (IQR 2-4.5) days. Antimicrobial therapy was reinstituted in 193 (28.9%) horses, and median days of total treatment were 3.8 (IQR 2-6). Signs that led to reinstituting therapy were fever (OR 3.13, P = .001) and incisional inflammation/infection (OR 2.95, P = .001). Horses in which treatment was reinstituted had 2.3 greater odds of shedding Salmonella (P = .003). Increased surgical time was associated with longer duration of antimicrobial therapy (OR 1.02, P = .001).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Despite published recommendations regarding antimicrobial prophylaxis, compliance is poor; improvement might reduce postoperative complications.

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“…Penicillin treatment, even at this low dose and in the absence of other stresses, appeared to increase the exposure of horse intestine to C. difficile following inoculation, therefore supporting clinical experience implicating penicillin as one of the main risk factors for C. difficile-associated colitis in horses McGorum et al 1998;Weese 2000). Although the concentration of penicillin following parenteral treatment should be very low, reported as 0.6 mg/l at most in the colonic contents (Horspool et al 1995), this concentration is probably high enough to inhibit or kill certain bacterial species in the colon microflora, while growth of C. difficile (MIC 0.09-4.00 mg/l) might be enhanced (Båverud et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of faecal shedding ofClostridium difficilein horses treated with penicillin

Gustafsson

Båverud

Gunnarsson

et al. 2004

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Disposition of penicillin g sodium following intravenous and oral administration to equidae

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Retrospective assessment of perioperative antimicrobial use for elective arthroscopy in horses

Retrospective assessment of perioperative antimicrobial use for elective arthroscopy in horses

Antimicrobial Use in Horses Undergoing Colic Surgery

Study of faecal shedding ofClostridium difficilein horses treated with penicillin

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