Disposition Kinetics, Renal Clearance and Excretion of Ampicillin after Oral Administration in Goats

Abstract

Disposition kinetics, renal clearance and urinary excretion of ampicillin were determined after oral administration of 10mg/kg in 8 goats. Peak plasma concentration 1.86 f 0.14 pmol/l was attained at 117 f 11 min after oral administration. Half-time of absorption was 28.7 f 5.8 minutes and that of elimination was 135 f 15 minutes. Total area under plasma concentration versus time curve was 9.16 f 0.97pmol. h/l. Total body clearance of ampicillin was 52.1 f 4.2 and renal clearance was 0.07 f 0.008 ml/min . kg. The renal handling of ampicillin involved glomerular filtration and back diffusion.

Comparative pharmacokinetics of ampicillin trihydrate, gentamicin sulphate and oxytetracycline hydrochloride in Nubian goats and desert sheep

“…The relatively higher values of V d for ampicillin in goats might indicate excellent penetration of the drug into body tissues and fluids. Nawaz and Khan (1991) reported considerable differences between local (Pakistani) sheep and goats in the disposition kinetics of ampicillin. Ampicillin is eliminated in urine, largely as unchanged ampicillin, and only a small proportion appears in the form of biologically inactive penicilloic acid (Rolinson & Sutherland, 1973).…”

“…Although there is considerable information on the pharmacokinetics of these antibiotics in domestic animals born and reared in the temperate zones (Pilloud, 1973;Haddad et al, 1985;Haddad et al, 1986;Brown & Riviere, 1991), there seems to be comparatively limited data in animals born and reared under tropical conditions (El Baumy & Hassan, 1986;Nawaz & Khan, 1991). Sheep and goats have shown some variations in the disposition kinetics and dosage regimens of certain drugs (Nawaz, 1982;Nawaz & Khan, 1991). Therefore the aim of the present work was to compare the pharmacokinetics of ampicillin trihydrate, gentamicin sulphate and oxytetracycline hydrochloride, given intravenously, in Nubian goats and desert sheep.…”