Disposable sensors for environmental monitoring of lead, cadmium and mercury

Simultaneous electrochemical sensing of thallium, lead and mercury using a novel ionic liquid/graphene modified electrode

“…Therefore, knowledge of the quantity of these metal ions in real samples is important because their toxicological effects depend on their concentration and chemical form [4,5]. High sensitive spectroscopic methods allow determining metals at levels of sub-µg L -1 [6,7].…”

Zinc Oxide Quantum Dots as Efficient Electron Mediator for Ultrasensitive and Selective Electrochemical Sensing of Mercury

“…Among different electrochemical means, Stripping voltammetry technique has been much exploited for sensitive and selective determination of mercury by scientists. Whereas, certain limitations in terms of pre concentration steps, time consuming behaviour and need of expert handling [9][10][11][12][13]15] restricts the use of such technique, toxicity of mercury electrode required in stripping voltammetry also confines this technique only to wastewater management. In addition, interference of mercury with proteins in case of biological fluids is major drawbacks with stripping voltammetry for detecting mercury.…”

“…All electrochemical experiments were carried out in citrate buffer (0.1 M). LSV scan for modified ZnO/Nafion/Au electrode were taken at various pH values(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) in 0.1 M citrate buffer solution containing 40 ppm mercury ions at scan rate of 100 mV/s. Conductance behaviour was studied using impedance spectra.…”

Electrochemical devices for the detection of priority pollutants listed in the EU water framework directive

“…Serrano et al [35] summarized the common design and fabrication approaches for disposable Bi SPEs. Duarte et al [36] presented an overview about disposable sensors for environmental monitoring of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II), including a section about the Bi thin-film microelectrode arrays fabricated by lithographic techniques. Among them, almost all the Bi-based sensing platforms can easily meet the analytical requirements for Pb(II) detection at concentration values down to 4 µg/L.…”