Disposable Membrane Oxygenator (Heart-Lung Machine) and Its Use in Experimental Surgery

Kolff, Willem J.; Effler, Donald B.; Groves, Laurence K.; Peereboom, Gerrit; Moraca, Patrick P.

doi:10.3949/ccjm.23.2.69

Cited by 95 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…2 The principle of membrane blood oxygenation drum (Kolff 1954;Kolff et al 1956a;Kolff and Watschinger 1956), with a nonporous symmetric dense polyethylene (PE) membrane. The blood flowed in a spiral mode, whereas the oxygen flowed parallel to the axis of the cylinder.…”

Section: Development Of Membrane Blood Oxygenatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymes Immobilized on Lumen

Mazzei¹

2016

Encyclopedia of Membranes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Quite often during the operation of a system for the treatment of gases, it is necessary to expand it for treating greater streams. In some cases, future expansion is contemplated even during the initial phase of a project. In other cases, it could be a necessity not foreseen during system design phase (Miller and Stöcker 1989; Brunetti et al. 2010).Membrane system expansion is very easy, since this only requires the addition of identical modules. This is the advantage offered by the modularity of membrane units and the reduced equipment and control systems required for operating it. In comparison, considering the other reference technologies for gas separation, PSA and absorption systems can also be expanded, but it requires additional design considerations and adds cost in the initial phase of the project.The cryogenic units cannot be expanded if it is not foreseen during the design phase. Generally they can be over-dimensioned, and a capacity increase is often obtained without modification to the cold box itself through addition of a tail gas compressor. ReferencesBrunetti A, Bernardo P, Drioli E, Barbieri G (2010) Membrane engineering progresses and potentialities in gas separations. In: Yampolskii Y, Freeman B (eds) Membrane gas separation. Wiley, New York, pp 281-312 Miller GQ, Stöcker J (1989) Selection of a hydrogen separation process NPRA annual meeting, 19-21 Mar, San Francisco Effective DiffusivityRenzo Di Felice University of Genova, Genova, ItalyEffective diffusivity is a convenient parameter which is introduced when diffusion takes place in non-homogenous media. Consider, for example, the case where a species is diffusing through porous particles, such as reactant diffusing inside a catalytic solid. In this case, the molecules have to travel for a longer distance given that the pores of the catalytic particles are not straight, and moreover diffusion takes place over a smaller area due to the solid being wall impermeable. These effects are taken into account by defining an effective diffusivity as where e is the particle void fraction and thereby takes into account the reduced flow area available and t is the tortuosity which considers the longer distance traveled by the molecules. It should be stressed, however, that more often than not, the parameter inside the parenthesis is utilized as a fitting factor derived from experimental data rather than predicting factor from the solid physical characteristics. These result in the reported tortuosity factor, for example, to assume rather wild values, as high as ten, which are difficult to justify with geometrical arguments alone. The concept of effective diffusivity is also applied for the case of species diffusing in heterogeneous media, such a polymer filled with a second, less permeable, material. Maxwell (1873) has obtained an exact expression, in the case of composite media filled with spheres, for the effective diffusivity given aswhere D is the diffusion coefficient in the primary media, D s the diffusion coefficient through the spheres, and f th...

show abstract

Section: Development Of Membrane Blood Oxygenatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymes Immobilized on Lumen

Mazzei¹

2016

Encyclopedia of Membranes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[14][15][16] The extracorporeal circuit continues to be improved. Refinements have included improvement in tubing flexibility in order to tolerate long use in a roller pump, the development of the centrifugal pump, the continued evolution of the hollow fiber oxygenator and efforts to coat circuits to avoid inflammatory change induced by artificial surfaces.…”

Section: To the Bedside: Development Of Clinical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of patient selection criteria and indications for extracorporeal life support in pediatric cardiopulmonary failure

Custer

2011

Organogenesis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These factors made the development of membrane oxygenators difficult. Kolff [14] in 1955 built the first prototype of a membrane oxygenator using polyethylene sheets which was successfully used in the experimental laboratory. Membranes were rolled around a central axe, giving the oxygenator the format of a reel.…”

Section: Origin Of Membrane Oxygenatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desenvolvimento tecnológico dos oxigenadores de membrana

Drummond¹,

Braile²,

Lima-Oliveira³

et al. 2005

Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

RBCCV 44205-782Desenvolvimento tecnológico dos oxigenadores de membrana Technological evolution of membrane oxygenatorsDescriptors: Oxygenators, membrane. Extracorporeal circulation.Descritores: Oxigenadores de membrana. Circulação extracorpórea. INTRODUCTIONThe first attempts of oxygenating blood outside the body were made by physiologists in the XIX century in their studies on perfusion of organs isolated from animals.The first modern studies dedicated to artificial oxygenation of blood, with the objective of maintaining the life of an organism, dated from 1937 and were performed by John Gibbon [1]. In the years that followed, Gibbon dedicated his research to the improvement of this revolutionary technique [2][3][4]. Several researchers, encouraged by the possibility of building apparatuses capable of replacing cardiopulmonary functions, started to build oxygenators [5][6][7].Oxygenators must be capable of oxygenating approximately five liters of blood per minute and to remove the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in order to artificially support the life of an adult. Moreover, heat exchange must be optimized in the least possible surface area, whilst the trauma caused to blood elements must be minimal. The priming necessary to operate the apparatus must also be small, in order to allow its use with acellular solutions, avoiding excessive hemodilution and unnecessary transfusions of blood or blood derivatives [8].Several forms of supplying oxygen (O 2 ) to the blood have been attempted, with more or less success, enabling the development of many models of oxygenators of which only a few have been clinically employed. DRUMMOND, M ET AL -Technological evolution of membrane oxygenatorsBraz J Cardiovasc Surg 2005; 20(4): 432-437 Later, other membrane oxygenators with similar configurations to the original project of Clowes & Neville [16] were used [5,17,18]. Kolobow et al. [19], based on the Kolff model, projected an oxygenator composed of long strips of silicon sustained by an envelope with spacers to stop the membranes from sticking together. In this model, the blood flowed inside the strips and O 2 circulated parallel to the central axis that sustained the reel of membranes. As this model functioned adequately for long periods, it was utilized in prolonged ventilatory support procedures. The Kolobow oxygenator was continuously improved and is currently produced and sold by the American Company, Avecor. It is the only oxygenator on the market recommended for prolonged use.The first-generation membrane oxygenators had great resistance to the passage of blood through the membranes which was impossible to overcome by siphoning alone. Some apparatuses were set up on the side of the positive pressure of a peristaltic pump, whilst others required an additional pump to circulate the blood in the membrane chamber. Because of the difficulties with gas exchanges and the complexity of their construction and use, the first-generation membrane oxygenators were not very well accepted. The development of technology to produce expand...

show abstract

Disposable Membrane Oxygenator (Heart-Lung Machine) and Its Use in Experimental Surgery

Cited by 95 publications

References 4 publications

Enzymes Immobilized on Lumen

Enzymes Immobilized on Lumen

The evolution of patient selection criteria and indications for extracorporeal life support in pediatric cardiopulmonary failure

Desenvolvimento tecnológico dos oxigenadores de membrana

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About