Display organization and the detection of horizontal line segments

Moraglia, Giampaolo

doi:10.3758/bf03210706

Cited by 84 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Repeated measures t tests showed strong effects of difficulty for each stimulus set (see Table 2). These findings indicate that participants use the orientation of items in the display when varying the degree of concealment of an object, which matches nicely with behavioral findings using the standard visual search paradigm (e.g., Duncan & Humphreys, 1989;Moraglia, 1989;Wolfe, Friedman-Hill, Stewart, & O'Connell, 1992).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…If our expectation is Carrasco, Evert, Chang, & Katz, 1995;Carrasco & Frieder, 1997;Carrasco, McLean, Katz, & Frieder, 1998;Carrasco, Talgar, & Cameron, 2001;Carrasco & Yeshurun, 1998 Organization Search is more efficient when distractors are organized in such a way that they individuate or direct attention to the target. Hooge & Erkelens, 1998;Moraglia, 1989;Olds, Cowan, & Jolicoeur, 1999;Wolfe, Friedman-Hill, Stewart, & O'Connell, 1992 Orientational heterogeneity Search efficiency decreases as the orientations of the items in the display become more heterogeneous. Duncan & Humphreys, 1989;Moraglia, 1989;Wolfe et al, 1992 Target-distractor similarity Search efficiency increases as the similarity between target and distractors decreases.…”

Section: Experiments 1 Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hooge & Erkelens, 1998;Moraglia, 1989;Olds, Cowan, & Jolicoeur, 1999;Wolfe, Friedman-Hill, Stewart, & O'Connell, 1992 Orientational heterogeneity Search efficiency decreases as the orientations of the items in the display become more heterogeneous. Duncan & Humphreys, 1989;Moraglia, 1989;Wolfe et al, 1992 Target-distractor similarity Search efficiency increases as the similarity between target and distractors decreases. Duncan & Humphreys, 1989 Presence or absence of a feature Search is more efficient when the target contains a feature not present in the distractors than when it is defined by the absence of a feature present in the distractors.…”

Section: Experiments 1 Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hiding and finding: The relationship between visual concealment and visual search

Smilek

Weinheimer

Kwan

et al. 2009

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics

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Souther, 1985). The second stimulus set, the affective-face set, which included three different affective faces, has been 1793© As an initial step toward developing a theory of visual concealment, we assessed whether people would use factors known to influence visual search difficulty when the degree of concealment of objects among distractors was varied. In Experiment 1, participants arranged search objects (shapes, emotional faces, and graphemes) to create displays in which the targets were in plain sight but were either easy or hard to find. Analyses of easy and hard displays created during Experiment 1 revealed that the participants reliably used factors known to influence search difficulty (e.g., eccentricity, target-distractor similarity, presence/absence of a feature) to vary the difficulty of search across displays. In Experiment 2, a new participant group searched for the targets in the displays created by the participants in Experiment 1. Results indicated that search was more difficult in the hard than in the easy condition. In Experiments 3 and 4, participants used presence versus absence of a feature to vary search difficulty with several novel stimulus sets. Taken together, the results reveal a close link between the factors that govern concealment and the factors known to influence search difficulty, suggesting that a visual search theory can be extended to form the basis of a theory of visual concealment.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Experiments 1 Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experiments 1 Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Hiding and finding: The relationship between visual concealment and visual search

Smilek

Weinheimer

Kwan

et al. 2009

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics

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“…Search for a target that differs only in color from distractor elements can be selectively made easier or more difficult by varying the degree of color difference between target and distractors (see, e.g., Carter, 1982;Nagy, Sanchez & Hughes, 1990). Also, search for a target that differs only in orientation from its distractors (e.g., Sagi & Julesz, 1985Treisman & Gormican, 1988;Moraglia, 1989;Wolfe, Friedman-Hill, Stewart & O'Connell, 1992), can be selectively made easier or more difficult by varying the difference in orientation between target and distractors (see, e.g., Moraglia, 1989, experiment 2;Palmer, Ames & Lindsay, 1993;Wolfe et al, 1992).…”

Section: Samenvaltingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Search for a conjunctively defined target can be selectively limited to a color-defined subset of elements.

Kaptein

Theeuwes²,

Heijden³

1995

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

180

204

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In conjunction search, response latencies usually increase with the number of displayed elements, suggesting serial, self-terminating search through all elements. In line with the results of H. Egeth, R. Virzi, and H. Garbart (1984), the present study shows that subjects do not necessarily search all display elements, but can limit their search to a color-defined subset of elements. The results make clear that selective search for a color-defined subset does not depend on saliency of the subset (Experiment 1), that selective search can be purely color-based and does not depend on luminance (Experiment 2), and that subjects can flexibly change which subset they are searching (Experiment 3). Experiment 4 showed that subsetselective search also occurs without fast absent responses as found in Experiments 1-3 and that for selective search no explicit instruction is required. Subset-selective search is a likely strategy in conjunction search.

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“…The neural basis of such an effect is not yet clear. It could reflect interactions between neurones with similar orientation tuning (Gilbert, 1985;Gilbert & Wiesel, 1981, 1989Mitchinson & Crick, 1982), which may play an important role in the perception of line continuation. Alignment effects could also be due to the integration of orientation information at higher levels.…”

Section: Alignment Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feature analysis and the role of similarity in preattentive vision

Nothdurft

1992

Perception & Psychophysics

233

178

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Texture arrays of line elements at various orientations were used to study three phenomena of preattentive vision. Subjects were asked (1) to discriminate texture areas and to distinguish their form (experiments on texture segmentation); (2) to detect salient or vertical line elements (experiments on pop-out); and (3) to identify configurations of similar or dissimilar targets (experiments on grouping). Within the patterns, line orientation was systematically varied to distinguish the effect of differences between areas from the effect of similarity within areas. In all of the experiments, performance was found to depend on local orientation contrast at texture borders rather than on the analysis ofline orientation itself. Texture areas were correctly identified only when the orientation contrast at the border well exceeded the overall variation of line orientation in the pattern. Similarly, only target elements with high local orientation contrast were detected fast and "in parallel." Targets with an orientation contrast lower than background variation required serial search. Preattentive grouping was found to depend on saliency, as defined by local orientation contrast, but not on the similarity of line elements. In addition to local orientation contrast, which played an important role in all of the visual phenomena studied, influences from the alignment of line elements with the outline of a figure were also seen.Three spontaneous perceptual phenomena have been described as occurring in the visual inspection of line arrays with differently oriented elements: (1) The pattern may segregate into distinct areas, each of which appears to be separated from neighboring areas by a clearly visible (but physically nonexistent) texture border (texture segmentation; Beck, 1966bBeck, , 1972Beck, , 1982Julesz, 1975Julesz, , 1984Olson & Attneave, 1970). (2) Individual line elements at an orientation different from that of the rest of the pattern appear to be particularly salient and are instantaneously detected in search experiments (pop-out;Treisman, 1985Treisman, , 1986Treisman & Gormican, 1988). (3) Lines at similar orientations may be seen as grouping together, forming distinct ensembles of elements within the line pattern (grouping; Beck, 1966a Beck, , 1967. Although these phenomena have been discovered independently of each other, and although they have been quantitatively assessed in different ways, they share important properties. They can all be achieved by preattentive visionthat is, without detailed analysis of the pattern-and they all seem to recruit from the same set of visual features. In general, elements that do not segregate in texture segmentation tasks also do not pop out from each' other or provide perceptual grouping. Controversial reports, ac-I would like to thank Peter Ruhlender for a suggestion concerning Experiment 5 and Jacob Beck, Rick Gurnsey. Lester Krueger. Jeremy Wolfe. and an anonymous referee for helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. I am grateful to all of the subjects ...

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Display organization and the detection of horizontal line segments

Cited by 84 publications

References 36 publications

Hiding and finding: The relationship between visual concealment and visual search

Hiding and finding: The relationship between visual concealment and visual search

Search for a conjunctively defined target can be selectively limited to a color-defined subset of elements.

Feature analysis and the role of similarity in preattentive vision

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