Displacement transfer from fault-bend to fault-propagation fold geometry: An example from the Himalayan thrust front

Qayyum, Mazhar; Spratt, Deborah A.; Dixon, John; Lawrence, Robert D.

doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2014.10.010

Cited by 29 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This is mainly due to ramping mechanism, where western and central Salt Range underwent translation while eastern Salt Range underwent telescoping (Qayyum et al, 2014). However, the hanging wall of western Salt Range has been translated over a flexed PreCambrian basement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jaume and Lillie (1988) argued that this difference is mainly due to the thinning of salt to the east. According to a recent study by Qayyum, Spratt, Dixon, and Lawrence (2014), this is unlikely as they pointed out the generally similar stratigraphy along-strike. The Main Frontal thrust sheet is internally undeformed in western Salt Range, while it is internally folded and faulted in eastern Salt Range (Qayyum et al, 2014).…”

Section: Comparison With Structural Style Of Central and Eastern Potwmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In contrast, the eastern portion of Salt Range underwent telescoping, with high internal deformation including thrust faults, anticlines and pop-up structures. The normal fault basement ramp is also not present in eastern Salt Range, with no repetition of sedimentary layers (Qayyum et al, 2014).…”

Section: Comparison With Structural Style Of Central and Eastern Potwmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4A) showing relatively undeformed thrust sheet for western Salt Range. Furthermore, Qayyum et al (2014), suggested that the variations in their structural styles are due to different ramping mechanism: translation versus telescoping. Central Salt Range underwent translation, with relatively low internal deformation for the allochthon.…”

Section: Comparison With Structural Style Of Central and Eastern Potwmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Central Salt Range underwent translation, with relatively low internal deformation for the allochthon. Basically, translation ramping mechanism works by sliding of overburden subhorizontally over basement normal fault, which resulted in a repetition of strata (Qayyum et al, 2014). This is very similar to western Salt Range, with a minor difference in that normal fault basement ramp is absent in western Salt Range (Jaume & Lillie, 1988).…”

Section: Comparison With Structural Style Of Central and Eastern Potwmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Active tectonics of western Potwar Plateau–Salt Range, northern Pakistan from InSAR observations and seismic imaging

Abir

Khan

Ghulam

et al. 2015

Remote Sensing of Environment

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The foreland fold-and-thrust belt of northern Pakistan is located at the western end of the Himalayan arc, where salt tectonics is responsible for structural styles, hydrocarbon source areas and seismicity. Three sub-regions of fold-and-thrust belt are the Potwar Plateau-Salt Range, Kohat Plateau-Surghar Range and the Bannu BasinKhisor Range. The difference in deformation intensity between these regions is mainly attributed to the presence, or absence, of an Infra-Cambrian salt layer. This study investigates the active tectonics of the Potwar Plateau and Salt Range region, emphasizing the role of salt, using the Small Baseline Subset Interferometry (SBAS) technique and 2-D seismic interpretations. Ten PALSAR images and four seismic profiles from western Potwar Plateau-Salt Range region were used. SBAS results, derived from PALSAR images spanning from 2007 to 2010, suggest that the Potwar Plateau-Salt Range is active with the western portion of the region experiencing an uplift at an average rate of around 10 mm/year. Two uplift anomalies were observed, which were interpreted as zones of transpression and salt diapirism. Time-migrated seismic profiles show that the salt layer acts as a detachment. Our results show that salt has different roles in different regions of the fold-and-thrust belt; in the Potwar Plateau region the salt layer acts as a detachment, while in Salt Range salt flow-induced structures are prominent. The integration of SBAS and 2D seismic interpretation reveals that the deformation of western Potwar Plateau-Salt Range is influenced by two main faults, the dextral Kalabagh fault and the Main Frontal Thrust. Finally, this work was compared to the Kuqa fold-and-thrust belt in western China due to their structural similarities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison With Structural Style Of Central and Eastern Potwmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Comparison With Structural Style Of Central and Eastern Potwmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison With Structural Style Of Central and Eastern Potwmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison With Structural Style Of Central and Eastern Potwmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Active tectonics of western Potwar Plateau–Salt Range, northern Pakistan from InSAR observations and seismic imaging

Abir

Khan

Ghulam

et al. 2015

Remote Sensing of Environment

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Factors that affect coseismic folds in an overburden layer

Zeng

Cai

2016

Front. Earth Sci.

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Effects of transpression on the rocks exposed at the Jhelum Fault Zone in the east of Potwar Basin, Pakistan: implications on the subsurface deformation pattern

Safi

Rehman

Yaseen

et al. 2021

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Jhelum Fault is the north–south-oriented major structural lineament originating from the Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis and extending southwards towards the Mangla Lake. Geographic extent, nature and significance of Jhelum Fault are the subjects which have been approached by different researchers in the past. The previous research provides enough evidence for the presence of Jhelum Fault as well as they discourse its surface extent. None of the previous research addresses the subsurface model of this fault; consequently, its surface extent has been ambiguous and variably reported. The current research takes into account both the surface lineament as well as the subsurface behaviour of the deformed strata to draft the most reasonable depiction of this fault. Field data were coupled with satellite image of 1.5 m ground resolution to produce the geological map of the study area at 1:25,000 scale. The subsurface model was created along four traverse lines by considering the lateral extent of the structures and their shifting trends on the geological map. The stratigraphic package was taken from the nearby hydrocarbon exploratory well data (Missakeswal-01 well of OGDCL) as no rocks older than middle to late Miocene were exposed in the area. The consistent through-going map extents of many faults in the study area prove that faults are playing the major role in the tectonic evolution of the Jhelum Fault Zone. In the subsurface model, the same faults show very little stratigraphic throw, which signify the major stress component to be associated more with wrenching than pure compression. Therefore, most faults in the area are of transpressional nature having dominant lateral component with relatively smaller push towards west on steeply east dipping faults. The model also shows the positive flower structure with dominantly west verging fault system with few east verging back thrusts. The subsurface proposed model shows that the Jhelum Fault is extendible southwards to the Mangla Lake in the subsurface; however, it acts like a continuous shear zone on the surface where there all the shearing is accommodated by tight refolded fold axes. The east–west shortening does not exceed 14.5% which shows smaller compression in the study area. The 3D model further clarifies the model by showing the consistency of the fault system along strike.

show abstract

Displacement transfer from fault-bend to fault-propagation fold geometry: An example from the Himalayan thrust front

Cited by 29 publications

References 22 publications

Active tectonics of western Potwar Plateau–Salt Range, northern Pakistan from InSAR observations and seismic imaging

Active tectonics of western Potwar Plateau–Salt Range, northern Pakistan from InSAR observations and seismic imaging

Factors that affect coseismic folds in an overburden layer

Effects of transpression on the rocks exposed at the Jhelum Fault Zone in the east of Potwar Basin, Pakistan: implications on the subsurface deformation pattern

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