Displacement transfer at thrust terminations: the Saltville thrust and Sinking Creek anticline, Virginia, USA

Couzens, Brent A.; Dunne, William M.

doi:10.1016/0148-9062(94)90030-2

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…McQuillan, 1974;Srivastava & Engelder, 1990;Fischer, Woodward & Mitchell, 1992;Erslev & Mayborn, 1997;Thorbjornsen & Dunne, 1997) or to quantitatively estimated curvature of strata (Lisle, 2000;Hennings, 2000;Bergbauer & Pollard, 2004). Alternatively, recent works have instead attempted to relate orientation and intensity of macrostructures (such as fractures and cleavages) and microstructures to the progressive deformation of sedimentary strata during folding (Sanderson, 1982; †Author for correspondence: olivier.lacombe@upmc.fr Couzens & Dunne, 1994;Anastasio et al 1997;Storti & Salvini, 2001;Tavani et al 2006;Bellahsen, Fiore & Pollard, 2006;Amrouch et al 2010a,b).…”

Section: Introduction and Aim Of The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture patterns in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt (Fars, Iran): constraints on early collisional tectonic history and role of basement faults

2011

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Pre-/early folding fracture patterns were recognized in several anticlines from three structural domains in the Simply Folded Belt of the Fars arc. These fracture sets were characterized in terms of opening mode and relative chronology and used to reconstruct the main compressional trends related to the early Zagros collisional history. The palaeostress reconstructions based on these fracture sets were further refined by combination with newly collected or already available fault-slip and calcite twin data. As an alternative to previous models of rigid block rotations or regional stress rotation, we propose that the complex pattern of pre-folding fractures and the contrasting palaeostress orientations through time in the different domains investigated are related to the presence of basement faults with N–S and WNW trends, above which basement and cover were variably coupled during stress build-up and early deformation of the Arabian margin. Beyond regional implications, this study draws attention to the need to carefully consider pre-existing fractures, possibly unrelated to folding, to build more realistic conceptual fold–fracture models.

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Section: Introduction and Aim Of The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture patterns in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt (Fars, Iran): constraints on early collisional tectonic history and role of basement faults

2011

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“…We consider here a contractional jog fault termination in which fault segmentation into one or more curved ruptures occurs. Fault terminations have been studied in various scales, shapes and tectonic settings (Ringenbach et al 1993;Couzens & Dunne, 1994;Little & Roberts, 1997;Simancas et al 1997;Klerks, Theunissen & Delvaux, 1998;Dhont et al 1998;Bayasgalan et al 1999;Salvini, Billi & Wise, 1999;Kim, Peacock & Sanderson, 2003;Oskin & Iriondo, 2004;Alik, Mueller & Schubert, 2005). Yet, detailed field characterizations of fault terminations are rare (see e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fault terminations have been studied in various scales, shapes and tectonic settings (Ringenbach et al . 1993; Couzens & Dunne, 1994; Little & Roberts, 1997; Simancas et al . 1997; Klerks, Theunissen & Delvaux, 1998; Dhont et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture mechanics model of a fault termination zone

Rabinovitch

Friedman²,

Bahat

2011

Geol. Mag.

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A fault termination zone from Middle Eocene chalks near Beer Sheva, Israel, is analysed via a fracture mechanical technique. The zone consists of the end of the primary fault, three secondary faults and joints associated with these structures. We demonstrate that the shape of the first secondary fault can be obtained from theoretical fracture mechanical calculations. This shape also enables us to obtain the set of conditions which induced the observed structures. The technique reveals the relative importance of the different variables that appear in the theory. The most significant parameters in determining the shape of the first secondary fault are the vertical dimension of the primary fault, the ratio of the two horizontal differential stresses and the initiation angle of the secondary fault. Results indicate that the fault termination zone was created under an almost pure shear load. The true lateral displacement of the primary fault is unknown; hence, exact calculation of the stresses leading to the secondary fault is hardly possible. However, an estimation, based on a partial conversion of this displacement to an uplift, yields σ1 and σ3 values at initiation of between 3.8 and 7.6 MPa and 3.65 and 7.3 MPa, respectively.

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“…Finally, they state that the St. Clair thrust fault terminates in a regional anticline at the junction of the southern and central Appalachians (Figure 16c). Couzens and Dunne (1994) suggest that this termination is the result of displacement transfer to a blind thrust instead of simply a displacement decrease to zero for an emergent thrust (Spraggins and Dunne, 2002). Figure 15.…”

Section: Faulted Detachment Foldsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Surficial mapping and kinematic modeling of the St. Clair Thrust Fault, Monroe County, West Virginia

Sturms¹

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Near the Allegheny Structural boundary between the Appalachian Plateau and the Valley and Ridge Province of the West Virginian Appalachians lie four major thrust faults: the Pulaski, Saltville, Narrows, and the St. Clair all of which are associated with the Alleghenian Orogeny. Of these major thrusts, the St. Clair thrust fault represents the boundary of the Allegheny Structural Front and is one of the few major thrust faults that are exposed at the surface in the Appalachians of West Virginia. The St. Clair thrust fault represents an example of fault-propagation folding. Within fault-propagation folding, trishear deformation and fault-bend folding can be linked to deformation. Kinematic modeling was conducted using Midland Valley's 2DMove software package to recreate the geometry of the fault and its associated fold. Modeling software was also used to determine the effects of individual parameters within trishear deformation. The parameters examined include the propagation-to-slip ratio, trishear apex angle, trishear angle, angular shear, and the number of trishear zones. Of these parameters, the propagation-to-slip ratio has the most impact on the geometry of the footwall fold. The propagation-to-slip ratio determines how much the fault propagates through the strata and also dictates what type of fold develops. A P:S ratio that is zero results in the formation of a detachment fold, a small P:S ratio results in a trishear faultpropagation fold, and a large P:S ratio results in the development of a fault-bend fold. Through surficial mapping and kinematic modeling, it has been concluded that the St. Clair thrust fault formed in two steps involving fault-propagation folding. The overturned syncline in the footwall, the Glen Lyn Syncline, was formed by trishear deformation, with a propagation-to-slip ratio of approximately 0.25, as the fault slowly propagated through the strata. Then, the fault broke through to the surface due to an increase in the P:S ratio and a second mode of deformation occurred, fault-bend folding. This combination of trishear deformation and fault-bend folding created the present-day geometry of the St. Clair thrust fault and its associated structures. By recreating the sequential cross-sections, it was possible to determine the amount of displacement needed for each cross-section. The southwestern most crosssection was modeled and a minimum displacement value of approximately 2300 meters was needed. Erosion has removed the hanging wall cutoff ; therefore the total displacement is not constrained. Two additional cross-sections to the northeast show evidence of an anticline in the hanging wall. The values of deformation in these cross-sections are more representative of the actual amount of displacement needed. Displacement values decreased from 7500 meters to 6700 meters toward the northeast, or by about 10%.

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Displacement transfer at thrust terminations: the Saltville thrust and Sinking Creek anticline, Virginia, USA

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Fracture patterns in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt (Fars, Iran): constraints on early collisional tectonic history and role of basement faults

Fracture patterns in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt (Fars, Iran): constraints on early collisional tectonic history and role of basement faults

Fracture mechanics model of a fault termination zone

Surficial mapping and kinematic modeling of the St. Clair Thrust Fault, Monroe County, West Virginia

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