Displacement of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV)-Sr by TYLCV-Is in Tomato Epidemics in Spain

Sánchez-Campos, Sonia; Navas‐Castillo, Jesús; Camero, R.; Soria, C.; Díaz, J. A.; Moriones, Enrique

doi:10.1094/phyto.1999.89.11.1038

Cited by 159 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…the ability to be inoculated and to initiate an infection) is 37% higher for TYLCV-IL than for TYLCV-Mld. Epidemiological factors other than transmission rate, such as extended host range [7,34], might be involved in the shift of viral populations. However, as previously described in Florida [35], in Réunion Island TYLCV does not require alternative hosts during intercropping or overwintering periods, because tomato plants are cultivated all year long.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency-dependent assistance as a way out of competitive exclusion between two strains of an emerging virus

et al. 2014

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Biological invasions are the main causes of emerging viral diseases and they favour the co-occurrence of multiple species or strains in the same environment. Depending on the nature of the interaction, co-occurrence can lead to competitive exclusion or coexistence. The successive fortuitous introductions of two strains of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV-Mld and TYLCV-IL) in Réunion Island provided an ideal opportunity to study the invasion of, and competition between, these worldwide emerging pathogens. During a 7-year field survey, we observed a displacement of the resident TYLCV-Mld by the newcomer TYLCV-IL, with TYLCV-Mld remaining mostly in co-infected plants. To understand the factors associated with this partial displacement, biological traits related to fitness were measured. The better ecological aptitude of TYLCV-IL in single infections was demonstrated, which explains its rapid spread. However, we demonstrate that the relative fitness of virus strains can drastically change between single infections and co-infections. An epidemiological model parametrized with our experimental data predicts that the two strains will coexist in the long run through assistance by the fitter strain. This rare case of unilateral facilitation between two pathogens leads to frequency-dependent selection and maintenance of the less fit strain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency-dependent assistance as a way out of competitive exclusion between two strains of an emerging virus

et al. 2014

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“…Although no symptoms are observed in fruits, infected plants are less vigorous and produce fruits with reduced market value. In addition to tomato, some TYLCD-associated viruses also have been involved in infections of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (Navas-Castillo et al, 1999) and pepper (Capsicum annuum L. and C. chilensis Jacq.) (Morilla et al, 2005;Polston et al, 2006) crops.…”

Section: The Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Disease and Associated Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spread of TYLCD in Spain is well documented (Sánchez-Campos et al, 1999. The first reports of infections were of the early 1990's.…”

Section: The Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Disease and Associated Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, subsequent introductions of TYLCV strains provided opportunities to increase genetic diversity. Ecological circumstances dramatically changed in southern Spain for TYLCD epidemics after the introduction of the Mld strain of TYLCV (TYLCV-Mld) at about 1996 (Navas-Castillo et al, 1999). In addition to an increase in the genetic diversity of the population, the spread of TYLCV resulted in the progressive displacement of TYLCSV in the epidemics (Table 2) (Sánchez-Campos et al, 1999).…”

Section: Migration As Source Of Genetic Diversity In Tylcd-associatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid evolution of the population of begomoviruses associated with the tomato yellow leaf curl disease after invasion of a new ecological niche: a review

Moriones

Navas‐Castillo

2008

Span. j. agric. res.

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Epidemics of tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) caused by monopartite begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae) result in devastating damage to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crops in Spain since early 1990's. Initially, the ES strain of the species Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV) was reported as the causal agent. The population of this virus exhibited a high genetic stability. However, introduction of new virus types also associated with TYLCD occurred which rapidly altered the virus population structure and diversity. Thus, isolates of the Mld and the IL strains of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) were introduced, which resulted in a progressive displacement of TYLCSV. Single, undifferentiated subpopulations were observed for each virus type, compatible with founder effects. Mixed infections were detected in single plants, rationalizing the occurrence of recombinants. In fact, natural recombinants between TYLCSV and TYLCV with selective advantage over the parental genotypes rapidly emerged and spread in the virus population. These data evidenced the great dynamism of the begomovirus population associated with the TYLCD after the invasion of a non-native area and the contribution of genetic migration and recombination to the genetic diversification.Additional key words: geminivirus, genetic diversity, genetic migration, recombination. ResumenRevisión. Rápida evolución de la población de begomovirus asociados con la enfermedad del rizado amarillo del tomate tras la invasión de un nuevo nicho ecológico Las epidemias de la enfermedad del rizado amarillo del tomate (tomato yellow leaf curl disease, TYLCD) causadas por begomovirus (familia Geminiviridae) monopartitos ocasionan importantes pérdidas económicas en los cultivos de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) españoles desde inicios de los años 1990s. En un principio estas epidemias se encontraron asociadas con la cepa ES de la especie Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV). La población de este virus presentaba una alta estabilidad genética en ausencia de influencias externas. Sin embargo, la migración de nuevos tipos genéticos de begomovirus asociados con TYLCD resultó en una rápida alteración de la diversidad y estructura de la población viral existente. Así, la introducción de las cepas Mld e IL de la especie Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) resultó en un desplazamiento progresivo de TYLCSV en las epidemias. La población quedó estructurada en subpoblaciones únicas e indiferenciadas para cada tipo viral, compatible con efectos fundadores. Además, se detectaba la presencia de infecciones mixtas de virus en plantas individuales, lo que permitía la generación de tipos recombinantes. De hecho, en poco tiempo se observó la emergencia en la población de recombinantes naturales entre TYLCSV y TYLCV, con ventajas selectivas frente a los virus parentales. Por tanto, nuestros datos sugieren un gran dinamismo de la población de begomovirus asociados con TYLCD después de la invasión de un área no nativa, así como la contribución d...

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“…Muñiz (2000) and Nombela et al (2001) have reported differences between the host responses to B-and Q-biotypes of B. tabaci in common weeds (Datura stramonium L., Solanum nigrum, L., Brassica kaber (DC), Capsella bursa-pastoris L. and Malva parviflora L.) and tomato plants. Moreover, some differences in transmission efficiencies of the B. tabaci biotypes when transmitting TYLCV/TYLCSV from tomato to tomato have been already reported (Sánchez-Campos et al, 1999), but few experimental studies had been undertaken to date on the transmission of TYLCSV-ES (Sánchez-Campos et al, 2000). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the transmission efficiency of TYLCSV-ES by the Spanish B-, Q-and S-biotypes of B. tabaci, from different common weeds to tomato plants and vice versa.…”

Section: Resumen Nota Corta Efecto Del Biotipo De Bemisia Tabaci En mentioning

confidence: 99%

Short communication. Effect of Bemisia tabaci biotype in the transmission of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Sardinia Virus (TYLCSV-ES) between tomato and common weeds

Jiang

Blas²,

Bedford

et al. 2004

Span. j. agric. res.

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The common five weed species Datura stramonium L., Solanum nigrum L., Brassica kaber (DC), Capsella bursapastoris L. and Malva parviflora L., were tested for their susceptibility to an isolate of TYLCSV from Murcia, Spain (TYLCSV-ES), using the B-, Q-and S-biotypes of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Both, B-and Q-biotypes were shown to transmit TYLCSV-ES from infected tomato to S. nigrum and D. stramonium and vice versa. Transmission efficiency from tomato to these weeds varied from 58.3% to 83.3%. Transmission efficiency from the infected weeds back to tomato varied from 66.7% to 100%. No significant difference between the B-and Q-biotypes was found in transmission efficiency from infected tomato to weed plants and from D. stramonium back to tomato. However, a significant difference in transmission efficiency from infected S. nigrum plants to tomato was detected between the B-and Qbiotypes. No other tested weed species were found to be infected by or host TYLCSV-ES. The S-biotype was unable to survive on tomato long enough to acquire or transmit TYLCSV-ES and could only transmit the virus from S. nigrum to S. nigrum at a very low efficiency. The implications of these results for the epidemiology of TYLCV´s in the field are discussed.Key words: whiteflies, B biotype, Q biotype, S biotype, geminiviruses, TYLCV-Sar. Resumen Nota corta. Efecto del biotipo de Bemisia tabaci en la transmisión del virus del rizado amarillo del tomate (TYLCSV-ES) entre tomate y malas hierbasSe analizó la susceptibilidad de las malas hierbas Datura stramonium L., Solanum nigrum L., Brassica kaber (DC), Capsella bursa-pastoris L. and Malva parviflora L. a un aislado del TYLCSV procedente de Murcia, España (TYLCSV-ES), utilizando como vectores los biotipos B, Q y S de Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Los biotipos B y Q transmitieron el TYLCSV-ES desde tomate infectado a S. nigrum y D. stramonium y viceversa, con una eficiencia de transmisión desde tomate a dichas malas hierbas entre el 58,3% y el 83,3%. La eficiencia de transmisión desde las malas hierbas al tomate varió desde el 66,7% al 100%. No se apreciaron diferencias significativas entre los biotipos B y Q respecto a la eficiencia de transmisión desde tomate a malas hierbas ni desde D. stramonium a tomate. No obstante, la eficiencia de transmisión desde plantas infectadas de S. nigrum a tomate fue significativamente diferente entre los biotipos B y Q. El aislado TYLCSV-ES no fue capaz de infectar a ninguna de las otras especies de malas hierbas utilizadas en este estudio. El biotipo S no pudo sobrevivir en tomate el tiempo suficiente para adquirir o transmitir el TYLCSV-ES, pudiendo solamente transmitir el virus desde S. nigrum a S. nigrum con una eficiencia muy limitada. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados para la epidemiología en campo de los virus TYLCV.

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Displacement of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV)-Sr by TYLCV-Is in Tomato Epidemics in Spain

Cited by 159 publications

References 22 publications

Frequency-dependent assistance as a way out of competitive exclusion between two strains of an emerging virus

Frequency-dependent assistance as a way out of competitive exclusion between two strains of an emerging virus

Rapid evolution of the population of begomoviruses associated with the tomato yellow leaf curl disease after invasion of a new ecological niche: a review

Short communication. Effect of Bemisia tabaci biotype in the transmission of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Sardinia Virus (TYLCSV-ES) between tomato and common weeds

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