Displacement by disruption: short-term rentals and the political economy of “belonging anywhere” in Toronto

Grisdale, Sean

doi:10.1080/02723638.2019.1642714

Cited by 56 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…The most common methods of measuring STR impact on housing entail estimating the number of units of housing lost (which increases the cost of housing by a quantifiable amount), and/or tracking rents or housing costs over a period of time, compared to the presence of short-term rentals, while controlling for other variables (Cox and Haar, 2020). While it is not easy to entirely isolate the effect of STR from other possible variables that may influence the supply of long-term rentals and rental prices, Wachsmuth (2017) argues that once reasonably good estimates for the number of whole-unit rentals available all year round on Airbnb are produced, measuring their impact on the housing market of a city is relatively straightforward (see also Grisdale, 2019). But representatives of large platforms, and at times professional associations of STR operators or hosts, have criticised such methodologies, producing their own 'counter-studies' (e.g.…”

Section: The Impact Of Platform-mediated Short-term Rentals On Housing Marketsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of authors thus interpret the exponential growth of STR as part of a broader trend towards the 'assetisation' and 'financialisation' of housing (Gurran, 2018;Grisdale, 2019;Hoffman and Schmitter Heisler, 2020). At the level of individual households, this refers to a shift towards individual strategies of investment into property assets as a source of income or equity, in a context of declining redistribution by the welfare state.…”

Section: The Impact Of Platform-mediated Short-term Rentals On Housing Marketsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ways in which the data is gathered and analysed, the assumptions and approximations made, and the 'occupancy model' used by InsideAirbnb for data analytics are explained at http://insideairbnb.com/about.html. See also Grisdale (2019) for a comparison of the data generated by InsideAirbnb and AirDNA.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulating Short-Term Rentals: Platform-based property rentals in European cities: the policy debates

Colomb¹,

Souza²

2021

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Short-term rentals mediated by digital platforms have positive and negative impacts that are unevenly distributed among socio-economic groups and places. Detrimental impacts on the housing market and quality of life of long-term residents have been particular contentious in some cities. • In the 12 cities studied in the report (Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Brussels, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Milan, Paris, Prague, Rome and Vienna), city governments have responded differently to the growth of short-term rentals. • The emerging local regulations of short-term rentals take multiple forms and exhibit various degrees of stringency, ranging from rare cases of laissez-faire to a few cases of partial prohibition or strict quantitative control. Most city governments have sought to find a middle-ground approach that differentiates between the professional rental of whole units and the occasional rental of one’s home/ primary residence. • The regulation of short-term rentals is contentious and highly politicised. Six broad categories of interest groups and non-state actors actively participate in the debates with contrasting positions: advocates of the ‘sharing’ or ‘collaborative’ economy; corporate platforms; professional organisatons of short-term rental operators; new associations of hosts or ‘home-sharers’; the hotel and hospitality industry; and residents’ associations/citizens’ movements. • All city governments face difficulties in implementing and enforcing the regulations, due to a lack of sufficient resources and to the absence of accurate and comprehensive data on individual hosts. That data is held by corporate platforms, which have generally not accepted to release it (with a few exceptions) nor to monitor the content of their listings against local rules. • The relationships between platforms and city governments have oscillated between collaboration and conflict. Effective implementation is impossible without the cooperation of platforms. • In the context of the European Union, the debate has taken a supranational dimension, as two pieces of EU law frame the possibility — and acceptable forms — of regulation of online platforms and of short-term rentals in EU member states: the 2000 E-Commerce Directive and the 2006 Services Directive. • For regulation to be effective, the EU legal framework should be revised to ensure platform account- ability and data disclosure. This would allow city (and other ti ers of) governments to effectively enforce the regulations that they deem appropriate. • Besides, national and regional governments, who often control the legislative framework that defines particular types of short-term rentals, need to give local governments the necessary tools to be able to exercise their ‘right to regulate’ in the name of public interest objectives.

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Section: The Impact Of Platform-mediated Short-term Rentals On Housing Marketsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Impact Of Platform-mediated Short-term Rentals On Housing Marketsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulating Short-Term Rentals: Platform-based property rentals in European cities: the policy debates

Colomb¹,

Souza²

2021

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“…Empirically this is reflected in the dominance of Airbnb hosts that have multiple listings in many major European short-term rental markets (Adamiak, 2018;Cocola-Gant and Gago, 2019). Moreover, commercial providers tend to get the highest revenues and dominate short-term rental markets in quite different types of cities (Mermet, 2017;Wachsmuth and Weisler, 2018;Grisdale, 2019;Smigiel et al, 2019). Additionally, recent studies illustrate the increase in corporate Airbnb investors and transnational capital that moves to formerly hidden housing markets (Cocola-Gant and Gago, 2019).…”

Section: Is It Really About Sharing?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, in-depth studies conducted in different urban environments illustrate the opposite. First, the number of classical home-sharers 3 is rather low, and second, commercial hosts dominate in terms of market share as well as revenues (Grisdale, 2019). Consequently, housing units are withdrawn from the regular (long-term) rental market and shifted to the short-term rental market since landlords can generate significantly higher profits from short-term renting (Smigiel et al, 2019).…”

Section: Short-term Rentals Help the Middle Class And Lower Inequality?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Why did it not work? Reflections on regulating Airbnb and the complexity and agency of platform capitalism

Smigiel

2020

Geogr. Helv.

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Abstract. This article deals with one of the most controversial topics in urban studies related to mobile capital and mobile people. At first glance this seems to be contradictory since numbers of short-term rentals have decreased dramatically due to the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. However, this paper is not about numbers and statistics. Instead it discusses structural issues regarding governance and power relations which remain important topics (especially) in times of crisis. It provides insights regarding the following issues: firstly, it deconstructs different “myths” that still surround short-term rentals and Airbnb and secondly, it delineates the structural power of Airbnb as a new urban institution. This helps us to understand some of the conflicts over Airbnb and the pitfalls with current forms of regulation on the one side as well as showing the complexity and agency of short-term rentals on the other.

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Transnational displacement by short‐term rentals in Japan’s depopulating society: Dilemma between rent gap emergence and inbound tourist accommodations

Kondo

Miyamae

2022

Japan Architectural Review

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The influence of the so-called "Airbnb effect" on local housing markets has grown into a global concern for affordability crisis, gentrification, and displacement. We analyzed the impacts of short-term rental (STR) on the rental housing market and explored the relative factors for the rent gaps in Tokyo and Osaka: two major metropolitan areas in Japan. This research builds upon the rent gap theory by Neil Smith and clarifies the rent gaps by following previous work. Our results demonstrate that landlords in Osaka, more depopulated with unoccupied housings, have already removed a significant number of residential rental units from the housing market, and those of Tokyo, less depopulated with less unoccupied housings, is likely to evict their tenants to shift more profitable touristic short-term rentals when their long-term rentals' rent revenue decreases. We concluded that the rent gaps affected by the depopulated societal context require tougher limits on touristic short-term rentals to mitigate "transnational displacement." The future of community livability depends upon municipalities' ordinance as well as their strategies: how to leverage unoccupied housing to survive an era of shrinking economy.

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Displacement by disruption: short-term rentals and the political economy of “belonging anywhere” in Toronto

Cited by 56 publications

References 52 publications

Regulating Short-Term Rentals: Platform-based property rentals in European cities: the policy debates

Regulating Short-Term Rentals: Platform-based property rentals in European cities: the policy debates

Why did it not work? Reflections on regulating Airbnb and the complexity and agency of platform capitalism

Transnational displacement by short‐term rentals in Japan’s depopulating society: Dilemma between rent gap emergence and inbound tourist accommodations

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