Displaced and forgotten child refugees: A humanitarian crisis

Murray, John S.

doi:10.1111/jspn.12133

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Ongoing conflict forces many others to flee from their home country. Other refugees may leave involuntarily because of fear of persecution, nationality, religious beliefs, or ethnicity (Murray, , ). Mental health experts report that child refugees experience significant psychological conditions such as post‐traumatic stress (33%), mood (43%) and anxiety (44%) disorders during the process of fleeing their home and resettling in a host country (Bogic et al., ; Kouider, Koglin, & Petermann, ).…”

Section: Toxic Stress and Child Refugeesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxic stress and child refugees

Murray

2017

Specialist Pediatric Nursing

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Ask the Expert provides research-based answers to practice questions submitted by JSPN readers. AbstractThe purpose of this article was to describe the phenomenon of toxic stress and its impact on the physical and mental health of child refugees. Almost two decades ago, researchers found that recurring adverse childhood events (ACEs; e.g., physical, psychological, and sexual abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction such as substance abuse, mental illness, and criminal behavior) were associated with a significant increase in serious illnesses during adulthood. Illnesses include heart, lung, and liver disease, cancer, and bone fractures. The scientists reported that experiencing four or more ACEs during childhood significantly increases the risk for toxic stress. Toxic stress is defined as the exposure to extreme, frequent, and persistent adverse events without the presence of a supportive caretaker. There is a paucity of literature related to toxic stress and child refugees.However, it has been clearly established that the prolonged brutal and traumatizing war in Syria is having a profound impact on the physical and mental health of child refugees at a distressing rate.Prevention of toxic stress should be a primary goal of all pediatric healthcare professionals working with child refugees. While this seems daunting given the population, and the seemingly insurmountable stressors they experience, some basic interventions should be considered. Providing basic anticipatory guidance to parents and caregivers of child refugees, to encourage positive parenting and strengthening support networks, will be highly effective in developing the requisite buffers that mitigate the effects of stress and avoid toxic stress. Efforts should also be focused on addressing caregiver stress and improving their ability to provide safe, reliable, and nurturing care that will help to mitigate any stress response experienced by a child.Practice Implications: It is critical that greater awareness be placed on the effects of toxic stress on child refugees who are exposed to significant adverse events early in life.

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Section: Toxic Stress and Child Refugeesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the migration process, child refugees are faced with a barrage of assaults to their physical and psychological well‐being. The scarcity of food and water, dangerous modes of travel, threats of violence, and witnessing the deaths of other refugees is commonplace (Henley & Robinson, ; Murray, , ).…”

Section: Toxic Stress and Child Refugeesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic stress and child refugees

Murray

2017

Specialist Pediatric Nursing

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“…Migrant and refugee movement is considered to be a political, social, and public health challenge around the world [1]. The European Union (EU) receives thousands of migrants and refugees annually, they are fleeing from war [2,3], sexual violence [4], racial, political, or religious conflicts, or extreme poverty [5,6]. Irregular migrants (IMs) are not authorized to enter or stay in the country to which they migrate, as they do not have legal permission, documentation, or refugee status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Violence against Women Irregular Migrants Who Arrive in Spain in Small Boats

Jiménez-Lasserrotte

López-Domene²,

Hernández‐Padilla

et al. 2020

Healthcare

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African irregular migrants risk their lives crossing the Mediterranean Sea in small boats hoping to reach Europe. Women irregular migrants (WIMs) are an especially vulnerable group that suffer from violence and sexual aggression, but little is known about their actual experiences. The objective of our study is to describe and understand the violence against WIMs who arrive in Spain in small boats. A qualitative study based on Gadamer’s phenomenology was used. The data collection included twenty-six in-depth interviews with WIMs. Three main themes arose: “Poverty and discrimination push WIMs into migrating”; “WIMs as a paradigm of extreme vulnerability”, and “WIMs in small boats should raise the alarm”. WIMs who arrive to Europe in small boats have a history of violence, rape, prostitution, forced pregnancy, and human trafficking. Emergency care must include gynecological examinations and must make detecting sexual violence and human trafficking of WIMs part of their care protocols.

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“…ISSN 1718-4770 © 2019 University of Alberta http://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/JCIE 22 war and conflict, can impact children in many different ways. Refugee children often face several psychosocial issues such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depressive symptoms and anxiety (Murray, 2016;Hadfield et al, 2017), bodily complaints, withdrawal, attention issues, a generalized sense of fear, irritability and agitation, increased dependency on others, and interpersonal challenges (Henley & Robinson, 2011) that are often not attended to or even acknowledged as such. Acknowledging these journeys and experiences can provide important information about the person or family's background, which can lead to a better understanding of their beliefs and actions, and the development of effective ways to navigate their experiences.…”

Section: Acknowledge Pre-migration Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syrian Refugee Families with Young Children: An Examination of Strengths and Challenges During Early Resettlement

Yohani

Brosinsky

Kirova

2019

JCIE

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With the arrival of a large number of Syrian families to Canada, educators and other service providers are reflecting on best practices to support the psychosocial adaption of refugees from conflict settings. This article draws on a study that examined the psychosocial adaptation of Syrian refugee families with young children in Western Canada, and uses the RAISED Between Cultures framework to discuss their strengths and identified barriers during early resettlement. Using a community-based participatory research approach and critical incident method, the study involved focus groups and semi-structured interviews with ten Arabic-speaking cultural brokers who were working with Syrian refugee families using holistic supports during early resettlement. Data were analyzed thematically both across and within 10 cases, then examined in light of six factors that contribute to refugee children’s outcomes as identified in the RAISED Between Cultures framework. As key figures in refugee children and families’ adaptation to their host country, educators can draw on these findings to identify families’ and children’s’ strengths and challenges during early resettlement to ensure positive child outcomes.

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Displaced and forgotten child refugees: A humanitarian crisis

Abstract: Pediatric nurses have an unprecedented opportunity to advocate for child refugees by contributing to the international conversation on the human rights of immigrants.

Cited by 17 publications

References 18 publications

Toxic stress and child refugees

Toxic stress and child refugees

Understanding Violence against Women Irregular Migrants Who Arrive in Spain in Small Boats

Syrian Refugee Families with Young Children: An Examination of Strengths and Challenges During Early Resettlement

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