Dispersion relations and wave shapes

Grose, Peter L.; Warsh, K. L.; Garstang, Michael

doi:10.1029/jc077i021p03902

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Field measurements [e.g., Grose et al, 1972] show that under open ocean conditions, wave spectra tend to be much broader than those measured in lakes or in closed or semiclosed sea basins, such as bays, internal seas, and coastal regions. The spectral width increases with an increasing wind as well as with an increasing degree of wave development characterized by the wave age and wind fetch.…”

Section: Spectral Model Of Sea Surface Roughnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical analysis of the sea state bias for satellite altimetry

1996

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Theoretical understanding of the dependence of sea state bias (SSB) on wind wave conditions has been achieved only for the case of a unidirectional wind‐driven sea [Jackson, 1979; Rodriguez et al., 1992; Glazman and Srokosz, 1991]. Recent analysis of Geosat and TOPEX altimeter data showed that additional factors, such as swell, ocean currents, and complex directional properties of realistic wave fields, may influence SSB behavior. Here we investigate effects of two‐dimensional multimodal wave spectra using a numerical model of radar reflection from a random, non‐Gaussian surface. A recently proposed ocean wave spectrum is employed to describe sea surface statistics. The following findings appear to be of particular interest: (1) Sea swell has an appreciable effect in reducing the SSB coefficient compared with the pure wind sea case but has less effect on the actual SSB, owing to the corresponding increase in significant wave height. (2) Hidden multimodal structure (the two‐dimensional wavenumber spectrum contains separate peaks, for swell and wind seas, while the frequency spectrum looks unimodal) results in an appreciable change of SSB. (3) For unimodal, purely wind‐driven seas, the influence of the angular spectral width is relatively unimportant; that is, a unidirectional sea provides a good qualitative model for SSB if the swell is absent. (4) The pseudo wave age is generally much better for parametrizing the SSB coefficient than the actual wave age (which is ill‐defined for a multimodal sea) or wind speed. (5) SSB can be as high as 5% of the significant wave height, which is significantly greater than predicted by present empirical model functions tuned on global data sets. (6) Parameterization of SSB in terms of wind speed is likely to lead to errors due to the dependence on the (in practice, unknown) fetch.

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Section: Spectral Model Of Sea Surface Roughnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical analysis of the sea state bias for satellite altimetry

1996

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“…In terms of the wave number modulus spectrum, it can be presented in the form [Glazman et al, 1988] F(k) =/3g -2• S4•Zk -(4 -2•z) (2) Here,/3 and/z are universal functions of the nondimensional fetch x (or, equivalently, of the wave age). The fact that the equilibrium range exponent (--4 -2/z) is a monotonic function of the degree of sea development has been observed by several authors [e.g., Donelan et al, 1985;Grose et al, 1972;Glazman and Pilorz, 1989]. The Hausdorff dimension of a Gaussian surface corresponding to (2) is given by DH -2 + /• [e.g., Glazman and Weichman, 1989].…”

Section: Seas' An Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There exist direct observations [e.g. Grose et al, 1972;Phillips, 1977;Glazman and Pilorz, 1990] and indirect evidence [Glazman, 1987;Glazman et al, 1988] Since the results of this work are presented in an analytical form, several simplifying assumptions have been made; namely, the surface is treated as Gaussian and statistically isotropic. These assumptions are rather common in studies of nadir backscatter, and their relaxation would not change our major conclusions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near‐nadir radar backscatter from a well‐developed sea

Glazman

1990

Radio Science

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Recent advances in understanding dynamics and statistical geometry of wind-generated gravity waves necessitate a re-examination of the radar return as a function of external factors. The Kirchhoff approximation for the case of well-developed seas is analyzed. In this peculiar case, the equilibrium range in the wave number spectrum (approximated by ak -(4-2•) where/x > 0 can be interpreted as a fractal codimension of the surface) corresponds to a cascade pattern in the surface geometry. Its high wave number cutoff (the internal scale h), determined by the dissipation of energy due to wave breaking, is shown to be a major factor of the radar backscatter] This intrinsic scale is evaluated (h --• 0.4 m), and both the geometrical and the physical optics terms are related to major parameters of wind-wave dynamics. The range of validity of the Kirchhoff approximation and the relative importance of the diffraction correction are analyzed. Finally, the radar cross section tr ø of well-developed seas is compared with that of poorly developed seas (when /x = 0). The great qualitative difference shown in the wind speed dependence of tr ø for these two regimes is pointed out as a source of a considerable error trend recently discovered in satellite altimeter wind measurements. GLAZMAN: RADAR BACKSCATTER FROM SEA 1213 Transl., 18(10), 821-827, 1982b. Zakharov, V. E., and M. M. Zaslavskii, Shape of the spectrum of energy carrying components of a water surface in the weak-turbulence theory of wind waves, lzv. Atmos. Oceanic Phys., Engl. Transl., 19(3), 207-212, 1983a. Zakharov, V. E., and M. M. Zaslavskii, Dependence of wave parameters on the wind velocity, duration and its action and fetch in the weak-turbulence theory of wind waves, lzv. Atmos. Oceanic Phys., Engl. Transl. , 19(4), 300-306, 1983b.

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“…The recent analysis of wave data taken by Grose et al (1972) in deep water east of Barbados in 1968 is also of interest here. Their results show significant variation in the coefficient p and the power of the frequency for the equilibrium range of the calculated wave spectra.…”

Section: B the Air-sea Interfacial Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This survey is aimed at complementing these review articles rather than attempting to cover the same material in a repetitive way. I also have avoided going into aspects of tropical meteorology since Bulletin American Meteorological Society Garstang (1972) has treated such problems in detail in another committee report. Focus of the survey.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A View of Recent Air-Sea Interaction Research

Hidy¹

1972

Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.

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An important function of the AMS technical committees provides for the dissemination of information about recent progress in specialized fields of interest to meteorology. This survey deals with the variety of research conducted on air-sea interaction phenomena during the past few years. The article is organized in such a way as to present a sequel to the report from the NAS committee on air-sea interaction, published in 1963. Review of the literature in this framework shows that many of the critical areas identified at that time have been researched extensively. However, as in most problem areas in atmospheric research, progress has been made, but there remain many questions that require answers before our understanding of the dynamic relationships between the sea and the air emerges into greatly improved methods of weather forecasting. In viewing the current status of this field, some recommendations are made as important objectives in the next ten years for the metetorological and oceanographic community. 1084 FIG. 1. One impression of the science of oceanography. (Courtesy of United Feature Syndicate, Inc.

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Dispersion relations and wave shapes

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

Numerical analysis of the sea state bias for satellite altimetry

Numerical analysis of the sea state bias for satellite altimetry

Near‐nadir radar backscatter from a well‐developed sea

A View of Recent Air-Sea Interaction Research

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