Dispersion of the invasive common carp Cyprinus carpio in southern South America: changes and expectations, westward and southward

Abstract

Common carp Cyprinus carpio possess multiple traits that contribute to their success as an invasive species. They have been introduced across the globe, and abundant populations can have numerous negative effects. Although ecological niche-based modelling techniques have been used to predict the potential range of C. carpio invasion in U.S.A., occurrence and abundance patterns have not yet been considered on a regional scale. In the present review new locations are documented, the status of the southernmost population has been studied and the probability of new lakes and reservoirs being colonized by C. carpio has been obtained and related to environmental conditions. The new localities for C. carpio have expanded its distribution westward, into the Andean Region, and present results from the South American southernmost population have shown a well-established population. Analysis of presence data provided two principal results: (1) the probability of a site being with C. carpio can be inferred using environmental variables and (2) the probability of a site being with C. carpio is a useful tool for the prediction of future invasions. Selective fishing on the Negro basin could constitute a potential mitigation measure, decreasing the abundance of the species and thus reducing the species' potential for southward expansion. These results reinforce the idea that artisanal fisheries, food production and conservation interests should be taken into account by local government management agencies in any discussion regarding the southern distribution of C. carpio in the near future.

Global patterns and clines in the growth of common carp Cyprinus carpio

“…In the former country, however, only restricted distributions for C. carpio have so far been identified, whereas in the latter the species has not (yet) successfully established (Froese & Pauly, 2016). In the southern hemisphere, the C. carpio population(s) reported from Lakes Crescent and Sorell and included in the present study may well be representative of the highest latitude (42 ∘ 18 ′ S) at which the species is encountered, with areas in South America above that latitude being currently flagged only as liable to further potential invasiveness (Zambrano et al, 2006;Crichigno et al, 2016;Maiztegui et al, 2016).…”

“…In the southern hemisphere, the C . carpio population(s) reported from Lakes Crescent and Sorell and included in the present study may well be representative of the highest latitude (42° 18′ S) at which the species is encountered, with areas in South America above that latitude being currently flagged only as liable to further potential invasiveness (Zambrano et al ., ; Crichigno et al ., ; Maiztegui et al ., ).…”

Climate change and aquaculture: considering biological response and resources

“…This robustness reflects their success as invasive species and difficulties eradicating them from novel habitats (e.g. Crichigno et al 2016, Weber et al 2016, Erickson et al 2018, Prechtel et al 2018), suggesting some potential for tolerance to multiple stressors. Nevertheless, potential resistance to climate change stressors would benefit from explicit quantification in these species to better support planned adaptation for such a large portion of world aquaculture.…”

The invasive copepod Lernaea cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758 (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Lernaeidae): first record for Neuquén River,Patagonia, Argentina

“…The parasite was introduced into Patagonia probably along with the common carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus 1758). This fish species has colonized all the Negro River and Neuquén and Limay Rivers near their confluence (Waicheim et al 2014, Crichigno et al 2016 L. cyprinacea was found upstream the dams, where C. carpio is absent, thus it is probable that other small fish species like C. interruptus, Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842), and Jenynsia multidentata (Jenyns, 1842), which are used as bait and for aquarium, are spreading this copepod upstream. In central Argentina, the spread of the copepod is related to the fishing season, when thousands of small fish are sold as bait and transported to different environments (Mancini et al 2008a).…”