“…When released into seawater, BDs form a high-density plume that follows the bottom bathymetry. Saline plume dispersion varies significantly depending on effluent characteristics, such as desalination plant production, and BD disposal method (Fernández-torquemada et al, 2019;Fernández-Torquemada et al, 2009;Loya-Fernández et al, 2018;Petersen et al, 2019;Portillo et al, 2014a). In addition, BDs may contain the chemicals that are commonly used in desalination during pre-treatment and in the membrane and filter cleaning processes; these may include antiscalants, coagulants, antifouling agents, biocides, and antifoaming agents, which are all subsequently discharged with the BD (Lattemann and Höpner, 2008;Liu et al, 2013;Mezher et al, 2011;Portillo et al, 2014b).…”