Dispersibility in Water of Dried Nanocrystalline Cellulose

Beck, Stephanie; Bouchard, Jean; Berry, Richard

doi:10.1021/bm300191k

Cited by 306 publications

(278 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The unique properties of the CNCs strictly depended on both physical factors such as crystal dimensions, aspect ratio, and surface area and chemical factors such as sodium sulfate concentration and hydrophilicity. [28][29][30][31] Thus, it is important to characterize physical and chemical properties of the CNC-based llers, to reinforce the polymer matrix. Fig.…”

Section: Cellulose-based Reinforcement Llers and Their Dispersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trans crystallization behavior and strong reinforcement effect of cellulose nanocrystals on reinforced poly(butylene succinate) nanocomposites

et al. 2018

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Biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) nanocomposites are polymerized via in situ polymerization of succinic acid (SA) with cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-loaded 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) mixtures. As reinforcement fillers, whisker-like CNCs are first dispersed in alcohol and sequentially spray-dried, before adding them to 1,4-BD. During the polymerization, the remains of sodium sulfonate in the CNC surfaces retard the polycondensation reaction, which is carefully controlled for the CNC-loaded systems. For the 0.1-1.0 wt% CNC-loaded PBS nanocomposites, it is found the nano-fillers are sufficiently dispersed to induce different crystallization behavior of the matrix polymer. The CNCs may initially act as heterogeneous nucleation sites of the molten PBS chains, during melt crystallization. In this case, most of them tend to be pushed out from the growing crystallites, which develop different nanocomposite morphologies with increasing CNC content. Among the resulting nanocomposites, the 0.1 wt% CNCloaded system shows the highest tensile strength of 65.9 MPa, similar to that of nylon 6, as a representative engineering polymer as well as 2 fold elongation at break compared with Homo PBS. The in situ polymerized CNC-loaded PBS nanocomposites are expected to be a 100% biomass material for a virtuous cycle of biorefinery. Moreover, they demonstrate that the CNC-loaded PBS nanocomposite with a low CNC loading content can be used in various commercial applications for pollution abatement.

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Section: Cellulose-based Reinforcement Llers and Their Dispersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trans crystallization behavior and strong reinforcement effect of cellulose nanocrystals on reinforced poly(butylene succinate) nanocomposites

et al. 2018

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“…Another significant obstacle for high-volume MFC application is the fact that MFC cannot be dried directly from suspension in water by simple evaporation at atmospheric pressure, because this may cause an irreversible agglomeration, also termed hornification, during drying, affecting its unique properties related to size and nanofibrillar geometry (Spence et al 2011;Beck et al 2012). Preparation of dry microfibrillated cellulose powder without hornification could be of great interest in industrial application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry, hydrophobic microfibrillated cellulose powder obtained in a simple procedure using alkyl ketene dimer

et al. 2016

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In order to produce dry and hydrophobic microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) in a simple procedure, its modification with alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) was performed. For this purpose, MFC was solventexchanged to ethyl acetate and mixed with AKD dissolved in the same solvent. Curing at 130°C for 20 h under the catalysis of 1-methylimidazole yielded a dry powder. Scanning electron microscopy of the powder indicated loss in nanofibrillar structure due to aggregation, but discrete microfibrillar structures were still present. Water contact angle measurements of films produced from modified and unmodified MFC showed high hydrophobicity after AKD treatment, which persisted even after extraction with THF for 8 h. The hydrophobized MFC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray analysis. In summary, strong indications for the presence of AKD on the surface of MFC before and after extraction with solvent were found, but only a very small amount of covalent b-ketoester linkages between the modification agent and cellulose was revealed.

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“…It is worth mentioning here that irreversible agglomeration occurs during drying, which affects the particle size and ultimately influences the properties related to the particle size (Beck et al, 2012). The micronized IDF sample disperses well in water when the concentration is very low (less than 0.2%).…”

Section: Fig 2 Effect Of Micronization On the Solubility Of Wheat Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of homogenization and ultrasonication on the physical properties of insoluble wheat bran fibres

Hu¹,

Zhang²,

Adhikari³

et al. 2015

International Agrophysics

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A b s t r a c t. Wheat bran is rich in dietary fibre and its annual output is abundant, but underutilized. Insoluble dietary fibre often influences food quality negatively; therefore, how to improve the physical and chemical properties of insoluble dietary fibre of wheat bran for post processing is a challenge. Insoluble dietary fibre was obtained from wheat bran and micronized using high-pressure homogenization, high-intensity sonication, and a combination of these two methods. The high-pressure homogenization and high-pressure homogenization+high-intensity sonication treatments significantly (p<0.05) improved the solubility, swelling, water-holding, oil-holding, and cation exchange capacities. The improvement of the above properties by highintensity sonication alone was marginal. In most cases, the highpressure homogenization process was as good as the high-pressure homogenization+high-intensity sonication process in improving the above-mentioned properties; hence, the contribution of highintensity sonication in the high-pressure homogenization+high-intensity sonication process was minimal. The best results show that the minimum particle size of wheat bran can reach 9 μm, and the solubility, swelling, water-holding, oil-holding, cation exchange capacities change significantly.

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Dispersibility in Water of Dried Nanocrystalline Cellulose

Cited by 306 publications

References 23 publications

Trans crystallization behavior and strong reinforcement effect of cellulose nanocrystals on reinforced poly(butylene succinate) nanocomposites

Trans crystallization behavior and strong reinforcement effect of cellulose nanocrystals on reinforced poly(butylene succinate) nanocomposites

Dry, hydrophobic microfibrillated cellulose powder obtained in a simple procedure using alkyl ketene dimer

Effect of homogenization and ultrasonication on the physical properties of insoluble wheat bran fibres

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