Dispersal patterns of clay minerals in the sediments of the eastern Mediterranean Sea

Kolla, V.; Ryan, William B. F.

doi:10.1016/0025-3227(71)90028-4

Cited by 143 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Offshore Morphou Bay, the clay minerals present in the finegrained sediments are very similar to those reported by Venkatarathnam and Ryan (1971) for the eastern Mediterranean, with smectite predominating (~55%) followed by kaolinite (~20%), illite (~15%) and chlorite (~7%). Near-shore at Morphou Bay, the relative proportions of the clay minerals change, with a greater proportion of smectite (~65%), kaolinite and chlorite remaining at approximately the same value (~21 and ~8% respectively) and a lower proportion of illite (~5%).…”

Section: The Clay Mineralssupporting

confidence: 62%

The mineralogy and chemistry of fine-grained sediments, Morphou Bay, Cyprus

Neal

2002

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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The mineralogy and chemistry of the less than 20µm fraction of marine sediments at Morphou Bay, north-west Cyprus, are presented to characterise fine-grained sediment supplies from basic and ultrabasic rocks of the Troodos Massif within a typological setting. The sediments comprise a mixture of smectite, illite, kaolinite and iron rich chlorite. They also contain amorphous iron oxides/hydroxides, calcite (with some magnesium substitution for calcium) and an amphibole. Spatial patterns in mineralogy occur: the near-shore sediments are rich in smectite, chlorite, amphibole and amorphous iron oxides/hydroxides, while the offshore sediments are rich in illite and calcite. The sediments are calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminium and potassium bearing, due to the presence of significant amounts of calcite (for Ca), clay minerals and aluminium and iron oxides/hydroxides. Potassium is present within the micaceous mineral illite, but it is also contained within other phases that are difficult to pinpoint. Statistical analysis reveals that the chemical composition of the sediments broadly follows the mineralogy with the dominant feature being related to spatial changes in the mineralogy. The patterns of change reflect a three component mix of claysized sediment types: (1) localised lithogenous sources rich in smectite with subsidiary amounts of amorphous iron oxides/hydroxides and amphibole, from Cyprus, the Troodos in particular, (2) illite rich and smectite chlorite and chlorite bearing material of lithogenous origin from other parts of the eastern Mediterranean and (3) calcite, mainly of marine origin.

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Section: The Clay Mineralssupporting

confidence: 62%

The mineralogy and chemistry of fine-grained sediments, Morphou Bay, Cyprus

Neal

2002

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…This area is known to be largely influenced by Nile sedimentation (Venkatarathnam and Ryan 1971;Almogi-Labin et al 2009). It is reported that in the area up to 85% of the sediment consists of clay, whereas most of the remainder is silt (Hamann et al 2008).…”

Section: Coresmentioning

confidence: 99%

X‐ray fluorescence core scanning of wet marine sediments: methods to improve quality and reproducibility of high‐resolution paleoenvironmental records

Hennekam

Lange

2012

Limnology & Ocean Methods

117

112

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X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) core‐scanning is a convenient non‐destructive tool to rapidly assess elemental variations in unprocessed sediments. However, substantial analytical deviations may occur in such data due to physical sedimentary properties. The consequences of these artifacts on element intensities are important for paleoclimatic studies, but as yet have not been adequately studied for high resolution (≤ 1‐cm interval) records. We have done a high resolution comparison between results from XRF scanning and from two more conventional methods: XRF with beads and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES), both on discrete samples. Our XRF scan data concord reasonably well with those from the conventional methods for most elements. In several discrete intervals large deviations occur that could have been attributed to major paleoceanographic events. However, these deviations appear to be mainly related to water content and distribution. We show that the variability in the water film thickness underneath the plastic foil is highly variable, causing significant apparent variability in all elements from Al to Fe. The unverified use of these elements in ratios can thus lead to deviations in the paleoenvironmental interpretation. Erroneous element (ratio) variability can, however, be recognized and corrected using conventional analytical data of a few discrete samples. The antipathetic behavior of Ca to K or Ti, and their similar behavior to water absorption, leaves their ratios relatively unaffected at variable water film thicknesses. Hence, Ca/K and Ca/Ti ratios are recommended for a preliminary down‐core overview of sedimentary variability and for stratigraphic correlations between unprocessed marine cores.

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“…Therefore, a strong influence of Nile-derived suspended matter can be expected for this location. According to Venkatarathnam and Ryan (1971), Nile suspended matter, which is characterized by high smectite contents, presently is dispersed mainly in the eastern Levantine Basin. It is transported by the easterly directed surface-water currents that form part of a counter-clockwise gyre, whereas the deep parts of the Ionian Basin are fed by deep water and particularly bottom currents from the Aegean and Adriatic Seas, which contain high illite and chlorite contents.…”

Section: Origin and Transport Paths Of Detrital Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigations by Venkatarathnam and Ryan (1971) and Dominik and Stoffers (1978) are based on clay mineralogical studies of surfacesediment cores. Foucault and Mélières (1995) analyzed the mineralogy of cyclic sediments from the Narbone Formation in Sicily.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The formation of Pliocene Mediterranean sapropels: constraints from high-resolution major and minor element studies

Wehausen¹,

Brumsack²

1998

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, 160 Scientific Results

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Two Pliocene Mediterranean sediment cores from Sites 964 (Pisano Plateau, Ionian Basin) and 967 (lower northern slope of Eratosthenes Seamount, south of Cyprus), which comprise a total of 428 samples, have been analyzed for major and minor elements (Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, K, Ba, Cr, Ni, V, Zn, and Zr) by X-ray fluorescence analysis at a depth resolution of 3-4 cm. Core 160-964C-9H comprises five sapropels with up to 9.7% total organic carbon (TOC), one 2.5-m-thick turbidite, and a 50-cm segment of a second turbidite, whereas Core 160-967B-9H contains eight sapropels with TOC content of up to 6.7%.Cyclic variations in carbonate content and detrital-matter composition are evident at both sites. At Site 964 (Pisano Plateau) terrigenous detrital matter chemistry reflects periods of stronger Saharan dust input alternating with fluvial input from the northern borderlands (higher K/Al and Mg/Al ratios). Cyclicity is not that well expressed at this location because turbidites or other short-term resedimentation processes occur. Site 967 (Eratosthenes Seamount) sediments are strongly influenced by discharge from the Nile River during humid periods (low K/Al and Mg/Al ratios).At Site 967 sapropels are occurring only during periods of enhanced Nile discharge and the corresponding lower

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Dispersal patterns of clay minerals in the sediments of the eastern Mediterranean Sea

Cited by 143 publications

References 8 publications

The mineralogy and chemistry of fine-grained sediments, Morphou Bay, Cyprus

The mineralogy and chemistry of fine-grained sediments, Morphou Bay, Cyprus

X‐ray fluorescence core scanning of wet marine sediments: methods to improve quality and reproducibility of high‐resolution paleoenvironmental records

The formation of Pliocene Mediterranean sapropels: constraints from high-resolution major and minor element studies

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