Dispersal, pair formation and social structure in gibbons ( Hylobates lar )

Brockelman, Warren Y.; Reichard, Ulrich H.; Treesucon, Uthai; Raemaekers, Jeremy J.

doi:10.1007/s002650050445

Cited by 201 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

189

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…1 The home range of two Hainan gibbon groups Ellefson, 1974;Leighton, 1987)，并认为这种群体间社会性行为的缺陷是长臂猿群体规模的一种副产品（Leighton, 1987）。但是也有很多学者发现在两群长臂猿相遇时可能具有发生激烈打斗的潜在性（Carpenter, 1940Chivers, 1977;Ellefson, 1968Ellefson, , 1974Gittins, 1980;Leighton, 1987 Bartlett, 2003;Reichard & Sommer, 1997;Reichard, 1995;Palombit, 1994b）。有一些学者认为长臂猿的家庭群并不是核心家庭（Palombit, 1994aBrockelman et al, 1998;Sommer & Reichard, 2000;Bartlett, 2003），并通过对白掌长臂猿（Reichard, 1995）和合趾猿(Palombit, 1994b (Ellefson, 1968;Berkson et al, 1971;Brockelman et al, 1974;Palombit, 1993) …”

unclassified

Responses to Inter-group Encounters of the Hainan Gibbon <I>Nomascus hainanus</I>

Zhou¹,

Bosco²,

Wei³

2009

Zoological Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

摘要：海南长臂猿(Nomascus hainanus)是野外研究最少的长臂猿种类之一。在过去的十多年中，只了解其种Abstract: The Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus) is one of the most endangered primates and the least studied gibbon species in the fieldwork. In the past decades only a little information was known about its population size, population structure, habitat and food kinds. Through four years field work, we observed their inter-group encounters for four times. We found that their encounter behaviors were much different from other gibbon species. Only vocal and chasing behavior happened between the adult females, male sub-adults and male juveniles of the Hainan gibbon encounters. The time of inter-group encounters was much shorter than other gibbon species, just 24-51 minutes. Not like the Hylobates lar encounters, no fighting was observed among the Hainan gibbon encounters; there was also no such behaviors as playing and grooming, even the extra-group-copulations. The adult females of two groups didn't take par in the chasing and they only rested and watched 20-30m away. We speculated that the behavior of the adult females may be interpreted as protecting their territory and by the way of chasing the sub-adults can learn how to protect their territory in the future.

show abstract

unclassified

Responses to Inter-group Encounters of the Hainan Gibbon <I>Nomascus hainanus</I>

Zhou¹,

Bosco²,

Wei³

2009

Zoological Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Groups are small, between two and six individuals, and typically consist of an adult breeding pair with adult, sub-adult, juvenile and/or infant offspring (Bartlett 2007). Offspring of both sexes remain in their natal groups until adulthood before dispersing , often into areas adjacent to their parents' home range (Brockelman et al 1998;Lappan2007;Reichard 2009;Savini et al 2009). As a consequence, neighbouring groups may often contain closely related individuals (Lappan 2007), which would give callers an incentive to produce loud alarm calls upon spotting a potential predator that can be heard over long distances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anti-predator behaviour of wild white-handed gibbons (Hylobates lar)

Clarke

Reichard²,

Zuberbühler

2011

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Predation on gibbons is rarely observed in the wild. However, the gibbons' moderate body size and relatively small social groups suggest high vulnerability to predation. To assess the role of predation and to study their anti-predator behaviour, we presented visual predator models to nine groups of wild white-handed gibbons at Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. We measured subjects' immediate and delayed responses to four potential predators: tiger, clouded leopard, crested serpent eagle and reticulated python. Subjects reliably approached all four predators. In response to tigers and leopards, they additionally produced predator-specific songs and defecated copiously. In terms of delayed responses, distance between mated adults decreased, but only after exposure to the tiger model. In response to eagles and pythons, gibbons consistently vocalised, but this did not always include predator singing, and we found no long-term effects in overall activity or strata use. However, during 6 of 26 predator encounters, the gibbons produced songs with a structure that was intermediate between a duet song and a predator song more than 20 min after the predator encounter, indicating a long-term effect on their vocal behaviour. This study demonstrates that gibbons discriminate between different potential predators and respond to them with adaptive anti-predator behaviour, which include predator-specific vocal responses. We conclude that gibbons are not immune to predation and that terrestrial predators elicit consistent immediate and delayed anti-predation responses.

show abstract

“…An alternative explanation for the presence of supernumerary 'adults' of one or both sexes in saki groups could be the delayed dispersal of offspring who reach adult size or coloration in their natal groups. This phenomenon has been reported for other pitheciines [Norconk, 2007] and other socially monogamous primates [Brockelman et al 1998;Fernandez-Duque and Huntington, 2002].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…In other socially monogamous primates, it has been shown that young adults may acquire reproductive positions either within their natal territory by evicting a same-sex resident adult, by establishing a new territory with another unpaired individual, or by joining a 'widowed' or 'divorced' conspecific [Tilson, 1981;Palombit, 1994;Brockelman et al, 1998;Bossuyt, 2002;Fernandez-Duque, 2004. No comparable data exist on sakis, but the rapidity with which multiple unfamiliar animals appeared in the female's home range following the original male's death (and during the replacement male's temporary removal) may suggest the existence of a 'floater' population that was previously (and subsequently) undetected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under the traditional view of social monogamy, it was common to assume that males and females establish strong, long-lasting and exclusive 'pair bonds' and that social groups thus consist of paired individuals plus their biological offspring [Mason, 1966;Kleiman, 1977Kleiman, , 1981Palombit, 1994;Fuentes, 1999;van Schaik and Kappeler, 2003]. However, abundant information is now available from a number of primate taxa demonstrating, first, that socially monogamous groups often do not constitute such 'nuclear' families and, second, that the adults within socially monogamous groups may not enjoy extended or exclusive mating relationships [Palombit, 1994;Reichard, 1995;Palombit, 1996;Brockelman et al, 1998;Fernandez-Duque, 2007]. In general agreement with this emerging picture of 'dynamic pair bonds' in socially monogamous primates [Palombit, 1994], we describe here the replacement of the resident adult male in a well-habituated group of sakis that is being studied as part of a long-term project on the comparative socioecology of monogamous primates in the Ecuadorian Amazon and Argentine Chaco Schwindt et al, 2004;Hurst et al, 2005].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Adult Male Replacement in Socially Monogamous Equatorial Saki Monkeys (Pithecia aequatorialis)

Fiore

Fernández-Duque

Hurst

2007

IJFP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sakis (genus Pithecia) commonly live in socially monogamous groups, but data from wild populations on group dynamics and on the turnover of reproductive-age animals are rare. Here we describe the replacement of the adult male in one group of sakis in the Ecuadorian Amazon following the death of the initial resident. We use 354 h of focal behavioral data to describe differences in the spatial relationships among group members before and after the replacement and to examine changes in the rate of male-to-female grooming, aggression, scent marking and vocalization. Interactions with extragroup individuals within the group’s home range were more frequent during and after the replacement than before. The presence of such additional animals during periods of reproductive turnover may explain at least some reported observations of saki groups with more than 1 reproductive-age male or female.

show abstract

Dispersal, pair formation and social structure in gibbons ( Hylobates lar )

Cited by 201 publications

References 33 publications

Responses to Inter-group Encounters of the Hainan Gibbon <I>Nomascus hainanus</I>

Responses to Inter-group Encounters of the Hainan Gibbon <I>Nomascus hainanus</I>

The anti-predator behaviour of wild white-handed gibbons (Hylobates lar)

Adult Male Replacement in Socially Monogamous Equatorial Saki Monkeys (Pithecia aequatorialis)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About