Dispersal ofPhlebotomus papatasi(Scopoli) andP. langeroniNitzulescu in El Hammam, Matrouh governorate, Egypt

Abstract

SummaryThe dispersal of Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) and P. langeroni Nitzulescu was studied using the mark-release-recapture techniques in the summer of 1987, at El Hammam, Matrouh governorate. In one experiment, 739 specimens (472 P. papatasi and 267 P. langeroni) were marked with fluorescent powders and released in 5 batches at one point. In a 2nd experiment, 1,524 specimens (571 P. papatasi and 953 P. langeroni) were marked and released in 6 batches at the same point. In the 1st exp., 116 (15.7 %) marked sand-flies were recaptured 1-9 nights after release. In the 2nd exp., 218 (14.3 %) marked sand-flies were recaptured 1-13 nights after release. All recap tured flies were examined by UV lamp. Male sand-flies stayed near the release point and were not captured at distances > 600 m in the 1st exp., but in the 2nd exp., they travelled a longer distance > 1,400 m. This was also true for blood fed females which gene rally remained within 400 m for the first three nights then dispersed to distance of 600 m in the 1st exp. and > 1,400 m in the 2nd exp. Unfed females quickly moved away from the relase point, sometimes to distances of 900 m or more in the 1st exp. and 1,500 m in the 2nd exp. Sandfly movement was affected by wind velocity, wind direction and presence of hosts. The dispersal of Phlebotomus sand flies confirms that leishmaniasis can be dispersed readily by the move ment of the vector. ont été marqués et relâchés en 6 lots au même point. Dans la première expérience, 116 phlébotomes marqués (15,7 %) ont été recapturés 1 à 9 nuits après leur relâchage. Dans la seconde expé rience, 218 phlébotomes marqués (14,3 %) ont été recapturés 1 à 13 nuits après leur relâchage. Tous les phlébotomes ont été exa minés à la lampe à ultra-violets. Les mâles sont restés près du point de relâchage ; ils n'ont pas dépassé 600 m dans la première expérience et 1 200 m dans la seconde. Il en est de même pour les femelles gorgées qui, en général, sont restées à 400 m pendant les trois premières nuits, puis se sont dispersées à 600 m dans la première expérience et plus de 1 400 m dans la seconde. Les femelles à jeun se dispersent rapidement à partir du point de relâ chage, parfois jusqu'à 900 m et plus dans la première expérience et 1 500 m dans la seconde. La mobilité des phlébotomes est influencée par la force du vent, sa direction et la présence des hôtes. La dispersion des phlébotomes confirme que l'expansion de la leishmaniose est favorisée par la mobilité du vecteur.

Short-term movement of Phlebotomus argentipes (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a visceral leishmaniasis-endemic village in Bihar, India

“…However, it is likely that the majority of movement by P. argentipes during this experiment was only short‐term (12‐60 h) and it is possible that movement could increase over time. Although movement was limited when compared with previous findings involving P. ariasi and P. papatasi , female P. argentipes were often captured at greater distances than males, which has been observed previously among P. ariasi (Killick‐Kendrick et al 1985) and P. papatasi (Doha et al 1991, Orhsan et al 2016). Given the need for females to locate blood meals and oviposition sites, in addition to sugar meals, the incentive to immigrate further distances appears to be greater for female P. argentipes relative to males.…”

Comparison of various configurations of CDC-type traps for the collection of Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli in southern Israel

“…This suggests that the results cannot be explained only by the difference in height. Sand flies are supposedly flying only short distances, very low and moving along the ground often in short jumps (Killick‐Kendrick et al 1986, Doha et al 1991, Alexander and Young 1992). In previous studies with repellents in southern Israel, we observed that most P. papatasi bite the lower extremities mainly below the knee (unpublished data of the authors).…”

Dispersal pattern of the sand fly Lutzomyia neivai (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic rural area in Southeastern Brazil

“…Over 6500 specimens were marked with fluorescent powder and released in forest edge and peridomicile habitats from August to November 1999, February and April 2000. Recapture attempts were made using Shannon and CDC traps up Key words: mark-release-recapture -dispersal -sand fly -Lutzomyia neivai -Brazil Information on the dispersion pattern of sand flies vectors in nature can be used to evaluate the potential rate of Leishmania dissemination and to implement surveillance and control strategies against these vectors.Previous dispersal studies have shown that species from Old World arid and semi-arid regions may fly more than 1500 m (Killick-Kendrick et al 1984, Doha et al 1991, while sand flies from Neotropical forests seldom travel no more than 200 m from their release point (Chaniotis et al 1974, Alexander 1987, Alexander & Young 1992, Morrison et al 1993.In Brazil, the Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva) dispersal patterns have been studied (Dye et al 1991, Kelly & Dye 1997, but there is no study of the dispersal pattern of the vectors of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). In the Southeastern region of Brazil, the forest seems to be the environment of the enzootic cycle of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (Gomes et al 1989, Gomes 1994, Lainson et al 1994, and it is mostly in the domiciliary habitat that man becomes infected (Rangel et al 1990, Gomes 1994, Tolezano 1994, Gontijo et al 2002.…”