Dispersal of foliar plant pathogens: mechanisms, gradients and spatial patterns

McCartney, H. A.; Fitt, Bruce D.L.

doi:10.1007/1-4020-4581-6_6

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…The spread of lesions reflects a synthesis of the physical dispersal of propagules with the biological interaction of successful infection, growth, and reproduction by a pathogen on a susceptible host. Understanding the spread of aerially dispersed pathogens in space and time can aid in efforts to control epidemics (Fitt et al ., ). An initial disease outbreak can be referred to as a focus, and can be initially formed by an isolated lesion resulting from a single infection (Zadoks & Van den Bosch, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Local dispersal of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici from isolated source lesions

2016

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Understanding how disease foci arise from single source lesions has not been well studied. Here, single wheat leaves were inoculated with Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici urediniospores, and all wheat leaves within two intersecting 0.3 × 3.0 m transects were sampled in eight replicates over three years. The lesions observed on each of the top three leaves on plants within 1.5 m from the source lesion were three-dimensionally mapped. The total number of lesions within a 1.5 m radius was estimated by dividing the number of lesions observed within each 0.025 m-wide annulus by the fraction of the annulus sampled. The estimated total number of lesions produced within 1.5 m of a single source lesion ranged from 27 to 776, with a mean of 288 lesions. Eighty percent of the lesions were recorded within 0.69 m of the source infection. The proportion of total lesions observed at a given distance from the source was fitted well by the Lomax and Weibull distributions, reflecting the large proportion of lesions arising close to the source, and when fitted to an inverse-power distribution had a slope (b) of 2.5. There were more lesions produced on leaves higher in the canopy than on lower leaves, with more lesions being detected above than below the point of inoculation. Simultaneous measurement of lesion gradients and spore dispersal in the final year of the study suggests that this pattern is due to greater susceptibility of upper leaves, rather than increased dispersal to upper leaves.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Local dispersal of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici from isolated source lesions

2016

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“…Novel methods currently under trial for robotic pollination in the tomato industry include the air jet originally proposed by [26] (Figure 7). However, there are concerns for the air jet technology because it may facilitate the spread of windborne fungal pathogens that are economically detrimental to production (Table 3) [89]. Modern technology and advanced research methods that can potentially automate precision pollination devices would be particularly valuable for the Australian protected-cropping industry, as the importation of commercial bumblebees is still prohibited in Australia.…”

Section: Precision Robotic Pollination Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision Pollination Strategies for Advancing Horticultural Tomato Crop Production

et al. 2022

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Global climate change and anthropological activities have led to a decline in insect pollinators worldwide. Agricultural globalisation and intensification have also removed crops from their natural insect pollinators, and sparked research to identify alternate natural insect pollinators and artificial technologies. In certain countries such as Australia the importation of commercial insect pollinators is prohibited, necessitating manual labour to stimulate floral pollination. Artificial pollination technologies are now increasingly essential as the demand for food grown in protected facilities increases worldwide. For tomato fruits, precision pollination has the ability to vastly improve their seed set, size, yield, and quality under optimal environmental conditions and has become financially beneficial. Like many crops from the Solanaceae, tomatoes have a unique self-pollinating mechanism that requires stimulation of the floral organs to release pollen from the poricidal anthers. This review investigates various mechanisms employed to pollinate tomato flowers and discusses emerging precision pollination technologies. The advantages and disadvantages of various pollinating technologies currently available in the protected-cropping industry are described. We provide a buzz perspective on new promising pollination technologies involving robotic air and acoustic devices that are still in their nascency and could provide non-contact techniques to automate pollination for the tomato horticultural industry.

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“…Subsequently, pressurized fluid extraction (PFE) was carried out by a Dionex ASE ® 200 extractor (Salt Lake City, UT, USA). Stainless-steel extraction cells with a volume of 11 mL were filled in consecutive layers with a cellulose filter (20 µm pore size), a 2-3 cm 3 layer of inert material (diatomaceous earth), 2.0 g pretreated microalgae biomass, and an additional layer of inert material. Extraction cells and collection vials were loaded into the automated carousel and the pre-heating time of the cells was fixed at 5 min.…”

Section: Extraction and Chemical Characterization Of D Salina Microamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial pathogens are responsible for plant diseases causing significant economic losses in crop production [ 1 , 2 ]. The pathogenic bacteria can be spread several ways including by rain, wind, birds, or insects [ 3 , 4 ]. In addition, a pathogen’s incidence may be favored by the propagation of plants with bacteria-infected material or by pruning infected trees [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Dunaliella salina Extracts against Bacillus subtilis and Bacterial Plant Pathogens

et al. 2020

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Several bacteria pathogens are responsible for plant diseases causing significant economic losses. The antibacterial activity of Dunaliella salina microalgae extracts were investigated in vitro and in vivo. First, biomass composition was chemically characterized and subjected to extraction using polar/non-polar solvents. The highest extraction yield was obtained using chloroform:methanol (1:1 v/v) equal to 170 mg g−1 followed by ethanol (88 mg g−1) and hexane (61 mg g−1). In vitro examination of hexane extracts of Dunaliella salina demonstrated antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria. The hexane extract showed the highest amount of β-carotene with respect to the others, so it was selected for subsequent analyses. In vivo studies were also carried out using hexane extracts of D. salina against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum on young tomato plants and fruits of tomato and zucchini, respectively. The treated young tomato plants exhibited a reduction of 65.7% incidence and 77.0% severity of bacterial speck spot disease. Similarly, a reduction of soft rot symptoms was observed in treated tomato and zucchini fruits with a disease incidence of 5.3% and 12.6% with respect to 90.6% and 100%, respectively, for the positive control.

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Dispersal of foliar plant pathogens: mechanisms, gradients and spatial patterns

Cited by 12 publications

References 146 publications

Local dispersal of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici from isolated source lesions

Local dispersal of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici from isolated source lesions

Precision Pollination Strategies for Advancing Horticultural Tomato Crop Production

Effectiveness of Dunaliella salina Extracts against Bacillus subtilis and Bacterial Plant Pathogens

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