Dispersal and population connectivity in the deep North Atlantic estimated from physical transport processes

Etter, Ron J.; Bower, Amy S.

doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2015.06.009

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…The duration of simulation corresponded to the first PLD approximation of Aristeus antennatus larvae based on Penaeid larvae. The duration appeared to be shorter than PLD for other deep-sea species (Arellano et al, 2014: Etter andBower, 2015;Young et al, 2012) but was in agreement with PLD for temperate invertebrates (Levin and Bridges, 1995;Thatje et al, 2005;Williamson, 1982) and PLD of Penaeid species predicted in Dall (1990). Our study revealed interesting dispersal features, which could be related to the ecology of A. antennatus.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Influence of the summer deep-sea circulations on passive drifts among the submarine canyons in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea

Clavel-Henry¹,

Solé²,

Ahumada-Sempoal³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Marine biophysical models can be used to explore the displacement of individuals in and between submarine canyons. Mostly, the studies focus on the shallow hydrodynamics in or around a single canyon. In the northwestern Mediterranean Sea, the knowledge on the deep-sea circulation and its spatial variability in three contiguous submarine canyons is limited. We used a Lagrangian framework with three-dimensional velocity fields from two hydrodynamics models to study the deep bottom connectivity between submarine canyons and to compare their influences on the particle transport. The particles represented eggs and larvae spawned by the deep-sea commercial shrimp Aristeus antennatus along the continental slope in summer. The passive particles mainly followed a southwest drift along the slope and drifted less than 200 km within 31 days. Two of the sub-marine canyons were connected by more than 27 % particles if they were released at sea bottom depths above 600 m. The vertical displacement of particles was depending on the submarine canyons, the depth and the can-yon wall where particles were released and it encouraged the analyses of the particle transport by canyons in-stead of generalizing the dynamics. In the two hydrodynamic models tested in this study, passive drift simulation differed depending on topography. Despite being run on a coarser grid, the hydrodynamic model using finer bathymetric resolution data and adjusted to the topography seemed to better model the passive drift of particles. Those results promote that the physical model parameterization has to be considered for improving the transport studies of deep-sea species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Influence of the summer deep-sea circulations on passive drifts among the submarine canyons in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea

Clavel-Henry¹,

Solé²,

Ahumada-Sempoal³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…A strictly allopatric explanation for the pattern of divergence observed with depth appears at odds with the fact that many invertebrates broadcast larvae capable of vertical travel in the open medium of the marine environment. Etter and Bower () modelled passive larval particle transport with depth along the US eastern seaboard to see whether current patterns in the region were a barrier separating shallower and deep populations in the region, but found this unlikely. Castelin et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invertebrate population genetics across Earth's largest habitat: The deep‐sea floor

Taylor

Roterman

2017

Molecular Ecology

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Despite the deep sea being the largest habitat on Earth, there are just 77 population genetic studies of invertebrates (115 species) inhabiting non-chemosynthetic ecosystems on the deep-sea floor (below 200 m depth). We review and synthesize the results of these papers. Studies reveal levels of genetic diversity comparable to shallow-water species. Generally, populations at similar depths were well connected over 100s-1,000s km, but studies that sampled across depth ranges reveal population structure at much smaller scales (100s-1,000s m) consistent with isolation by adaptation across environmental gradients, or the existence of physical barriers to connectivity with depth. Few studies were ocean-wide (under 4%), and 48% were Atlanticfocused. There is strong emphasis on megafauna and commercial species with research into meiofauna, "ecosystem engineers" and other ecologically important species lacking. Only nine papers account for~50% of the planet's surface (depths below 3,500 m). Just two species were studied below 5,000 m, a quarter of Earth's seafloor.Most studies used single-locus mitochondrial genes revealing a common pattern of non-neutrality, consistent with demographic instability or selective sweeps; similar to deep-sea hydrothermal vent fauna. The absence of a clear difference between vent and non-vent could signify that demographic instability is common in the deep sea, or that selective sweeps render single-locus mitochondrial studies demographically uninformative. The number of population genetics studies to date is miniscule in relation to the size of the deep sea. The paucity of studies constrains meta-analyses where broad inferences about deep-sea ecology could be made.

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“…Likewise oceanographic simulations of deep-sea dispersal struggle with large uncertainties due to poor sampling of physical parameters in the deep sea and a lack of empirical data for calibration and groundtruthing of models (e.g. Young et al 2012;Sala et al 2013;Etter & Bower 2015;Hil ario et al 2015). Our database of genetic estimates of dispersal from IBD will help to advance such simulation work, which may in turn help to make our models of IBD in marine systems more realistic.…”

Section: Deep-sea Vs Shallow-water Dispersal Distancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A synthesis of genetic connectivity in deep‐sea fauna and implications for marine reserve design

et al. 2016

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With anthropogenic impacts rapidly advancing into deeper waters, there is growing interest in establishing deep-sea marine protected areas (MPAs) or reserves. Reserve design depends on estimates of connectivity and scales of dispersal for the taxa of interest. Deep-sea taxa are hypothesized to disperse greater distances than shallowwater taxa, which implies that reserves would need to be larger in size and networks could be more widely spaced; however, this paradigm has not been tested. We compiled population genetic studies of deep-sea fauna and estimated dispersal distances for 51 studies using a method based on isolation-by-distance slopes. Estimates of dispersal distance ranged from 0.24 km to 2028 km with a geometric mean of 33.2 km and differed in relation to taxonomic and life-history factors as well as several study parameters. Dispersal distances were generally greater for fishes than invertebrates with the Mollusca being the least dispersive sampled phylum. Species that are pelagic as adults were more dispersive than those with sessile or sedentary lifestyles. Benthic species from soft-substrate habitats were generally less dispersive than species from hard substrate, demersal or pelagic habitats. As expected, species with pelagic and/or feeding (planktotrophic) larvae were more dispersive than other larval types. Many of these comparisons were confounded by taxonomic or other life-history differences (e.g. fishes being more dispersive than invertebrates) making any simple interpretation difficult. Our results provide the first rough estimate of the range of dispersal distances in the deep sea and allow comparisons to shallow-water assemblages. Overall, dispersal distances were greater for deeper taxa, although the differences were not large (0.3-0.6 orders of magnitude between means), and imbalanced sampling of shallow and deep taxa complicates any simple interpretation. Our analyses suggest the scales of dispersal and connectivity for reserve design in the deep sea might be comparable to or slightly larger than those in shallow water. Deep-sea reserve design will need to consider the enormous variety of taxa, life histories, hydrodynamics, spatial configuration of habitats and patterns of species distributions. The many caveats of our analyses provide a strong impetus for substantial future efforts to assess connectivity of deep-sea species from a variety of habitats, taxonomic groups and depth zones.

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Dispersal and population connectivity in the deep North Atlantic estimated from physical transport processes

Cited by 29 publications

References 136 publications

Influence of the summer deep-sea circulations on passive drifts among the submarine canyons in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea

Influence of the summer deep-sea circulations on passive drifts among the submarine canyons in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea

Invertebrate population genetics across Earth's largest habitat: The deep‐sea floor

A synthesis of genetic connectivity in deep‐sea fauna and implications for marine reserve design

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