Dispersal and extinction in fragmented landscapes

Thomas, Chris D.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.0978

Cited by 348 publications

(292 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…On the other hand, low mobility decreases the cost of losing emigrating individuals from small stands. Therefore the extinction rate in a fragmented landscape might be lower for species like O. eremita than for species with higher dispersal rate (Hill et al 1996;Thomas 2000). The occupancy pattern of O. eremita is consistent with this, as it indicates that the beetle is able to remain over quite long periods in small stands without connectivity, even though long term persistence might be impossible (Ranius 2000).…”

Section: Dispersal Patternssupporting

confidence: 65%

“…The dispersal rate of O. eremita seems to be in the same range as for sedentary butterflies, whose populations conform to a metapopulation structure (Thomas and Hanski 1997;Thomas 2000). In O. eremita also, it might be possible for local populations in individual trees to become extinct, without immediate recolonization, although the tree is suitable and there are neighbouring trees with the beetle present.…”

Section: Dispersal Patternsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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The dispersal rate of a beetle, Osmoderma eremita, living in tree hollows

2001

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The dispersal of an endangered beetle, Osmoderma eremita, that lives in tree hollows, was studied by mark-release-recapture with pitfall traps. As only a small proportion of all dispersals is observed by this method, a simulation model was constructed to estimate the dispersal rate per individual. The model results suggest that 15% of the adults leave the original tree for another hollow tree, and consequently most individuals remain in the same tree throughout their entire life. This suggests that each hollow tree sustains a local population with limited connection with the populations in surrounding trees. It supports the view that O. eremita has a metapopulation structure, with each tree possibly sustaining a local population, and with the population in an assemblage of trees forming a metapopulation. Low dispersal rate and range make the species vulnerable to habitat fragmentation, probably at a scale of only a few hundred meters.

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Section: Dispersal Patternssupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Dispersal Patternsmentioning

confidence: 94%

The dispersal rate of a beetle, Osmoderma eremita, living in tree hollows

2001

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“…The discussion in Maciel and Lutscher (2013) gives several ecological examples that make it clear that there is no single solution for all cases. For example, Thomas (2000) found that high-mobility butterflies had the highest probability of surviving in fragmented landscapes. Assuming all other things are equal, we could conclude from Figure 4.4 that Case M would model individual movement in this scenario.…”

Section: Chapter 7 Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrodifference equations in patchy landscapes

Musgrave

Lutscher

2013

J. Math. Biol.

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In this dissertation, we study integrodifference equations in patchy landscapes. Specifically, we provide a framework for linking individual dispersal behavior with populationlevel dynamics in patchy landscapes by integrating recent advances in modeling dispersal into an integrodifference equation.First, we formulate a random-walk model in a patchy landscape with patchdependent diffusion, settling, and mortality rates. We incorporate mechanisms for individual behavior at an interface which, in general, results in the probability-density function of the random walker being discontinuous at an interface. We show that the dispersal kernel can be characterized as the Green's function of a second-order differential operator and illustrate the kind of (discontinuous) dispersal kernels that arise from our approach. We examine the dependence of obtained kernels on model parameters.Secondly, we analyze integrodifference equations in patchy landscapes equipped with discontinuous kernels. We obtain explicit formulae for the critical-domain-size problem, as well as explicit formulae for the analogous critical size of good patches on an infinite, periodic, patchy landscape. We examine the dependence of obtained formulae on individual behavior at an interface. Through numerical simulations, we observe that, if the population can persist on an infinite, periodic, patchy landscape, its spatial profile can evolve into a discontinuous traveling periodic wave. We derive a dispersion relation for the speed of the wave and illustrate how interface behavior ii

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“…According to the theoretical predictions, less genetically diverse populations are often characterised by lower viability (Frankham 2003;Reed and Frankham 2003;Aguilar et al 2008) and/or adaptability (Young et al 1996, Willi et al 2006. However, the risk of negative consequences of fragmentation is related primarily to the dispersal capability (Thomas 2000). Dispersal is a means for both colonisation of new habitats and gene exchange among populations (Howe and Smallwood 1982;Travis and Dytham 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population at the edge: increased divergence but not inbreeding towards northern range limit in Acer campestre

Chybicki

Waldon‐Rudzionek

Meyza

2014

Tree Genetics & Genomes

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Ecological conditions shape natural distribution of plants. Populations are denser in optimal habitats but become more fragmented in the areas of suboptimal environmental conditions. Usually, fragmentation increases towards the limits of species distribution. Fragmented populations are often characterised by decreased genetic variation, and this effect is frequent in peripheral populations, mostly due to the reduced effective population size. Interestingly, the genetic consequences of fragmentation seem to be relatively weak in forest trees. Using microsatellite markers, we assessed the impact of population fragmentation on the genetic structure of a European tree species Acer campestre. Within the study area, this medium-size wind-dispersed and insect-pollinated tree reveals a gradual decrease in population density towards the northern range limit. Over the distance of 150 km, we detected the significant decrease in allelic richness, heterozygosity as well as an increase in the rate of population divergence along with latitude. On the other hand, we failed to show that the observed patterns of genetic structure result from the variation in population densities. Moreover, inbreeding levels revealed no association with both density and geographic location, suggesting that pollen limitation does not occur, even at the range margin. As we showed that there is no difference in a dispersal scale between low-and highdensity populations in the study species, we argue that the genetic structure is a result of postglacial recolonization. However, unlike many other forest trees, A. campestre showed the sharp latitudinal genetic pattern at a very restricted spatial scale. Limited dispersal and high fragmentation are likely the reasons.

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Dispersal and extinction in fragmented landscapes

Cited by 348 publications

References 48 publications

The dispersal rate of a beetle, Osmoderma eremita, living in tree hollows

The dispersal rate of a beetle, Osmoderma eremita, living in tree hollows

Integrodifference equations in patchy landscapes

Population at the edge: increased divergence but not inbreeding towards northern range limit in Acer campestre

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